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.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz:
Advanced Visualization
======================
General information on the Advanced Visualization Toolset:
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Generalities` : generalities about the toolset.
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts` : understanding the Toolset design and the different visualization paradigms.
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration` : how to configure the Advanced Visualization boxes.
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases` : concrete examples of use, from spectral analysis to ERP display.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Generalities:
Generalities
------------
To be able to use all the features in the Mensia Advanced Visualization
Toolset, please verify that your setup meets the following recommendations.
OpenGL OpenGL dependency
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Toolset relies on the `OpenGL <http://www.opengl.org>`_ library
for every rendering operations, from signal display to 3D reconstruction. You
must ensure that your computer is equipped with an OpenGL-compatible graphic
card or chipset. This should be the case on any recent computer.
You should also ensure that your graphic card drivers are up-to-date. Please
refer to the manufacturer website for more information.
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts:
Concepts
========
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_Intro:
Introduction
------------
The **Mensia Advanced Visualization Toolset** is a collection of boxes
dedicated to the visualization of the result of electrophysiological signal
analysis, and are especially suitable for the **real-time analysis of EEG
signals**, from raw signal display to 3D source reconstruction.
It addresses many different use-cases among users. Neurophysiologists can
observe accurately in real-time **spatial and temporal patterns** in the brain
activity (motor activity, cognitive processes). EEG signal processing
specialists can **evaluate and compare** instantly algorithms effects
(source separation, denoising techniques). BCI researchers can study how their
ERP-based system may be tuned to elicit and detect the best brain response.
.. figure:: images/designer-box-list.png
:align: center
Simple integration in the graphical user interface
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms:
Visualization paradigms
-----------------------
This Toolset has been designed to be very versatile. The main design concept
revolves around the data presentation. You basically want to display matrices
of numbers which may have temporal, and/or spatial meanings. The most adapted
data presentation may vary from one case to another, according to the type of
events or patterns on which you need to get a good contrast.
Before choosing the right visualization box, ask yourself:
- How do I want my data to be displayed? curves? levels?
- What will be the best way to **enhance the contrast** between the information I want to extract and the rest of the data ?
- Is my data stream **continuous** in time? or am I dealing with discontinuous epochs (e.g. ERPs) ?
To be adapted in most situation, the Mensia Advanced Visualization Toolset has
been designed to cover different visualization paradigms. Take a look at all
the possibilities and choose what will best fit your needs.
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Oscilloscope`
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Bars`
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Bitmap`
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Topo`
- :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Reco`
You can also have a look at the :ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases` "list of use-cases", showing how each box can be used on concrete, real-life examples.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Oscilloscope:
The Oscilloscope view
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is the most basic paradigm, used to display temporal numerical data in the
form of **curves** (dots linked by lines). The Oscilloscope views are all
expecting **centered** values (i.e. distributed around 0). Hence it is advised
to use at least one temporal filter (e.g. band passing between 2 and 40 Hz
using a :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_TemporalFilter` box) before displaying an EEG
signal.
Four boxes use this paradigm:
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_ContinuousOscilloscope` box: displays continuous data from left to right on a defined horizontal scale (goes back to origin upon reaching the end of the scale), channels are displayed vertically one after another, but spikes may overlap.
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_InstantOscilloscope` box: displays each block of data received as it comes, filling all the horizontal space available.
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_ContinuousMultiOscilloscope` box: same as the Continuous Oscilloscope, but every input channels are displayed along the same horizontal axis with a different color, additively.
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_InstantMultiOscilloscope` box: same as the Instant Oscilloscope, but every input channels are displayed along the same horizontal axis with a different color, additively.
**Example**: raw EEG signal display.
.. figure:: /boxes/images/ContinuousOscilloscope_Display.png
:align: center
Continuous Oscilloscope displaying 2 EEG channels
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Bars:
The Bar view
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Like histograms, this paradigm can be used to display and compare **series of
levels**. Levels are displayed one after another from left to right, within a
**color gradient**. Channels are displayed vertically, one after another with a
fixed interval (thus some "high" levels may overlap). With a high definition
(i.e. a rather high frequency display), the result can be viewed as a curve
colored below the line.
Two boxes uses this paradigm:
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_ContinuousBars` box: displays continuous data from left to right on a defined horizontal scale (goes back to origin upon reaching the end of the scale).
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_InstantBars` box: displays each block of data received as it comes, filling all the horizontal space.
**Example**: spectrum display.
.. figure:: /boxes/images/InstantBars_Display.png
:align: center
Instant Bars displaying the signal spectrum
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Bitmap:
The Bitmap view
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The bitmap paradigm displays matrices of data using a color gradient. The
result is a **2D map where each cell is given a color "bit"** . This view
using colors can enhance easily the constrast between 2 temporal or spatial
patterns, as the difference between "cold" and "hot" colors is quickly caught
by the analyst's eye. You can even add an additional dimension by using
**stacked bitmaps** : every time a new bitmap is received, it is placed on top
or left to the previous one.
Four boxes uses this paradigm:
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_ContinuousBitmap` box: displays continuous data from left to right on a defined horizontal scale (goes back to origin upon reaching the end of the scale).
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_InstantBitmap` box: displays each block of data received as it comes, filling all the horizontal space.
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_StackedBitmapVertical` box: each bitmap is placed on **top** of the previous one.
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_StackedBitmapHorizontal` box: each bitmap is placed **left** to the previous one.
**Example**: Time-frequency map.
.. figure:: /boxes/images/StackedBitmapHorz_Display.png
:align: center
Stacked Bitmap (Horizontal) displaying the result of a Time-Frequency analysis
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Topo:
The Topographic view
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This paradigm adds a strong spatial constraint on the input data: each channel
must be **labelled with an electrode name** in a defined nomenclature, such as
the standard 10-20 system. Please see
:ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_ChannelLocalization` for further details.
Here again the data itself is displayed using a color gradient, mapped to a 2D or 3D model using **spherical spline interpolation**.
For more details about the spherical spline interpolation, please check *F.
Perrin, J. Pernier, O. Bertrand, J.F. Echallier, Spherical splines for scalp
potential and current density mapping, Electroencephalography and Clinical
Neurophysiology, Volume 72, Issue 2, February 1989, Pages 184-187*. The 2D
model is a planar projection of the scalp, covering the scalp roughly from the
frontal area to the occipital area (i.e. from Fp1-Fp2 to O9-O10 sites). The
projection result takes the shape of a disk with a crescent growth at the back
for the occipital region.
Three boxes uses this paradigm:
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_2DTopography` box: maps the input (which channels are labelled in the 10-20 system standard) to a planar projection of the scalp.
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_3DTopography` box: maps the input (which channels are labelled in the 10-20 system standard) to a projection on a 3D model of the scalp.
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_3DCubes` box: an alternative view where each channel is represented by a 3D cube, positionned in space as the electrode would be on the 3D model.
The activity is rendered by changing the size and color of the cubes.
**Example**: Displaying the power of a specific frequency band on a 3D head model.
.. figure:: /boxes/images/3DTopography_Display.png
:align: center
Alpha power mapped on a head model using the 3D topography
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_VisualizationParadigms_Reco:
The Reconstruction view
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tomographic reconstruction algorithms offer an inside look, into the brain,
from only surface measurements. Several techniques exist, including the
algorithms of the popular LORETA family which slice the brain in a stack of
little cubes called voxels, and computes the *inverse model*, a model
reconstructing the sources of the potentials acquired at the measurement site.
One box implements the source reconstruction view:
- :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_3DTomographicVisualization` box : displays a 3D source reconstruction using 2394 colored/translucent voxels in a 3D head model.
This box expects 2394 input channels, produced by an inverse model (i.e. a spatial filter with N sensor inputs for 2394 sources outputs). This model must be tailor-made for the precise EEG setup being used (e.g. using sLORETA).
.. figure:: /boxes/images/3DTomographicVisualization_Display.png
:align: center
3D tomographic reconstruction using the 3D Tomographic Visualization box
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_ChannelLocalization:
Channel localization
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Every visualization box can use the spatial information conveyed by the
electrode naming. The channels can be positionned relatively to each other as
long as you provide in the box settings a file containing the cartesian
coordinates of the electrodes. Most of the time, EEG manufacturers use the
10-20 system as an electrode naming standard. For convenience, we provide
within the Toolset a file compiling all the coordinates of the electrodes in
the 10-20 system.
The cartesian coordinates of all the electrodes are computed in the 3D space, where the origin is at the center of [Fpz,Oz] and [T7,T8].
- the X axis goes from the occipital lobe to the frontal lobe
- the Y axis goes from the right temporal lobe to the left temporal lobe
- the Z axis goes from the center of the head to the top
And as for the unit, here are some key points at the maximum of the axis:
- Fpz (1,0,0)
- Oz (-1,0,0)
- T7 (0,1,0)
- T8 (0,-1,0)
- Cz (0,0,1)
The following figures illustrates the cartesian coordinates of the extended 10-20 system used in the Mensia Advanced Visualization Toolset.
.. figure:: images/CartesianCoordinates1.png
:align: center
Cartesian coordinates of the 10-20 system, side view.
.. figure:: images/CartesianCoordinates2.png
:align: center
Cartesian coordinates of the 10-20 system, front view.
For more information, please see *Oostenveld, R. & Praamstra, P. (2001). The
five percent electrode system for high-resolution EEG and ERP measurements.
Clinical Neurophysiology, 112:713-719*
Please note that using the 10-20 system is not mandatory. To use all the Toolset features related to the spatial disposition of the electrodes, you just need to provide a file that maps electrode name with their coordinates in the space described above.
The format of this file is simple text. You must provide:
- the electrode names as a list of quoted labels
- the coordinate system labels
- the electrode coordinates of the electrodes, in the same order as in the electrode names
For example:
.. code::
[
["O1" "O2" ... ]
["x" "y" "z" ]
]
[
[-0.309017 -0.951057 4.48966e-011 ]
]
[
[0.309017 -0.951057 4.48966e-011 ]
]
For a complete example, please look at the file provided with the Toolset (``../share/mensia/openvibe-plugins/cartesian.txt``)
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration:
Configuration
=============
By design, all the boxes included in the Mensia Advanced Visualization Toolset
share a common behavior when it comes to configuring the boxes, in the scenario
edition or during its execution. In this section we describe the common
configuration parameters you find when using these boxes.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_BoxSettings:
Box settings
------------
You may encounter different settings, common to all or a subset of boxes,
depending on the paradigms.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_ChannelLocalization:
Channel localisation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Specify here where to find the file listing the coordinates of every electrodes
by their names. Please see
:ref:`Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Concepts_ChannelLocalization` for more details.
For conveniency, we provide a default file
``${AdvancedViz_ChannelLocalisation}``
(*../share/mensia/openvibe-plugins/cartesian.txt*) which contains the cartesian
coordinates of all electrodes in the extended 10-20 system. This settings is
obviously **mandatory for the Topographic views**, but can also be useful for
the other paradigms: at runtime, you can re-arrange the channels spatially by
their names (from left to right hemisphere, or from front to top). This is
useful when dealing with dense EEG (128 or more channels), which can bring a
new light, new contrast on a rather opaque data display.
.. figure:: images/Settings_ChannelLocalisation.png
:align: center
Spatial reorganization on a dense signal display using a Continuous Oscillator
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_Caption:
Caption
~~~~~~~
If this field is used, this label will be displayed in the window, on top of the rendering area.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_Color:
Color
~~~~~
The color gradient you want to use to display the data. You can use the color picker to chose the gradient manually, or use one of the presets.
Several presets exist in form of configuration tokens ``${AdvancedViz_ColorGradient_X}``, where X can be:
- ``Matlab`` or ``Matlab_Discrete`` (as in `Matlab <http://www.mathworks.fr/products/matlab/>`_ / `BCILAB toolbox <http://sccn.ucsd.edu/wiki/BCILAB>`_)
- ``Icon`` or ``Icon_Discrete`` (as in `ICoN <https://sites.google.com/site/marcocongedo/software/icon>`)
- ``Elan`` or ``Elan_Discrete`` (as in `Elan <http://elan.lyon.inserm.fr/>`_)
- ``Fire`` or ``Fire_Discrete``
- ``IceAndFire`` or ``IceAndFire_Discrete``
The default values ``AdvancedViz_DefaultColorGradient`` or ``AdvancedViz_DefaultColorGradient_Discrete`` are equal to ``Matlab`` and ``Matlab_Discrete``.
Here is an example of 2D topography rendering using these color gradients:
.. figure:: images/2DTopography_ColorGradients.png
:align: center
The color gradient presets available, illustrated with the 2D topography
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_BoxSettings_Translucency:
Translucency
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This setting expects a value between 0 and 1, where 0 is complete transparency and 1 complete opacity.
The translucency parameter is very useful when dealing with overlapping rendering, i.e. when some parts of the visualizations end up on each other.
By adding some translucency the data can still be visible, and it can also smoothen dense readings for more confort.
.. figure:: images/Settings_Translucency-1-05.png
:align: center
Using the translucency to allow dense yet smooth EEG reading
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_BoxSettings_PositiveData:
Positive data only
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
By ticking this checkbox, you shift the vertical scale of the visualization in order to have the 0 at the bottom (no negative values will be displayed)
This setting can be activated when dealing with spectral amplitude or any kind of positive-only "levels".
.. figure:: images/ContinuousBars_Display.png
:align: center
Displaying a positive level (Global Field Power) using Continuous Bars
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_BoxSettings_Gain:
Gain
~~~~
If set, all samples in the input stream are multiplied by this scalar value before display.
This can be useful when you need to display all at once different type of data on the same relative scale, with a good contrast on every view.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_BoxSettings_TemporalCoherence:
Temporal Coherence
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tells the box whether the input stream is expected to be **Time-locked** or
**Independent**. In the first case the box should use a Time scale (in
seconds, for **continuous** data), and for the second case a Matrix count
(number of data block received, for **discontinuous** data).
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_BoxSettings_TimeScale:
Time scale
~~~~~~~~~~
The time scale (in seconds) drives the number of values to be displayed in
continuous or stacked views before going back to the origin. Using a time
scale is meaningful only when dealing with an input stream made of continuous
epochs, e.g. signal display, time-frequency analysis.
.. _ Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_BoxSettings_MatrixCount:
Matrix count
~~~~~~~~~~~~
The number of input epochs to display before going back to the origin. For
example in stacked bitmaps this setting is the number of bitmaps to be stacked
before going back to the bottom of the stack.
An illustration for this setting would be the visualization of Event-Related
Potentials such as P300. In such scenario, we usually select epochs of data
uncontinuously, e.g. by extracting 600ms of signal around a target stimulation.
Setting the Temporal coherence parameter to *Independent* will make the
box display every epochs one after another, without trying to use the epoch
timings. For example, set to *Independent* when you want to stack P300
target trials on a bitmap view, with a matrix count equal to the number of
trials you want to stack.
.. figure:: images/StackedBitmapVert_ERPDisplay.png
:align: center
Using a Stacked Bitmap (Vertical) to display the 3 first xDAWN components of all 99 Target trials of a P300 session
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_RuntimeToolbar:
Runtime Settings
----------------
This section covers the different settings available at runtime (i.e. when the
scenario is currently beeing played). Clicking on the **toolbar** will open-up
the runtime visualization settings.
- **Sort Channels** : rearrange the channels **by their name** (alphabetically
or reversed order), or **by their position on the scalp** (left to right or
front to back). This last option is possible only if the channel are named
according to the 10-20 system, and if you provided a channel localisation
file in the box settings.
- **Select Channels** : Select in a list the channels you want to see in the
visualization window. Use the ``Ctrl`` or ``Shift`` key to add channels to
your selection, ``Ctrl+a`` to select all channels.
- **Show scales** : show or hide all the scales around the visualization
widget; allows nice snapshots. This setting is **global**, meaning that it
affects all the other advanced visualization windows currently running in
your scenario. Doing so preserves the widgets alignment when displaying
synchronized data. This setting can be turned on or off also by a **double
left-click** in the visualization windows itself.
- **Positive data** : this setting is a runtime duplicate of the box setting
*Positive data only*. If checked, the vertical axis is shifted so
that 0 is at the bottom. Negative values wont be displayed.
Depending on the temporal coherence selected in the box settings, you may find:
- **Time scale** : this setting is a runtime duplicate of the box setting *Time scale*.
- **Matrix count** : this setting is a runtime duplicate of the box setting *Matrix count*.
When the visualization box implements an **Instant** paradigm for **streamed
matrices or signal input** data, a new setting is available:
- **Epoch replay** : replays the last epoch received.
Topographies also expose the ERP replay in adequat conditions. This feature is
**global**, meaning that the replay is performed simultaneously on every
compatible boxes. This allows for example on-demand replays of ERPs,
simultaneously on a signal display and a topography.
.. figure:: images/3DTopography_ERPReplay.png
:align: center
Using the ERP replay feature on a 3D topography to catch the spatial course of the potential
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_Configuration_RuntimeControls:
Runtime Controls
----------------
All the visualization boxes share common controls at runtime, for a user-friendly, natural interaction.
Using the mouse, one can:
- Maintain **right click** and move the mouse up or down to **zoom in or out on the data scale**
- Maintain **left click** and move the mouse to **rotate** a 3D model
- Maintain **middle click** and move the mouse to **zoom in or out on a 3D model**
- **Double left click** in the vizualisation window to remove all the scales from the frame
All these controls are **global** , meaning that if you change the scale in one visualization window, it will change the scale in every visualization windows accordingly.
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases:
Use-cases
=========
We describe in this section of the documentation several use-cases, typical and
concrete examples of EEG analysis that are enlighted by the **Mensia Advanced
Visualization Toolset**.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases_SignalAnalysis:
EEG Signal analysis
-------------------
This detailed example uses the basic OpenViBE signal processing boxes to
perform elementary real-time analysis, and the Mensia Advanced Visualization
Toolset to display the results:
- Raw and filtered EEG
- Spectrum, time-frequency map
- 2D and 3D topographies
You can find this scenario in the provided sample set, the scenario file name
is ``UseCase-1-EEG-signal-analysis.mxs``.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases_SignalAnalysis_Intro:
Introduction
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This use-case is a simple yet concrete example of real-time EEG analysis
usually performed with OpenViBE. The scenario covers the use of oscilloscope,
bitmaps, bars and topographic views to display signal, spectrum, and band
power.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases_SignalAnalysis_Scenario:
The scenario
~~~~~~~~~~~~
The signal used is a **motor imagery** session, where the participant performed
right and left hand motor imagery trials. For more details, please refer to
the official documentation of the OpenViBE motor-imagery bci scenarios,
provided with the official release of the software. We chose these data for
demonstration purpose only as it is a file provided with the official release
of openvibe, and should be available for you anyway.
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases_SignalAnalysis_Scenario_Filtering:
Signal filtering
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We first remove artifacts using temporal filters, especially the common 50Hz
noise coming from the electrical installation. The EEG amplifier used for the
record we read here is a Mindmedia NeXuS 32b, with one reference channel put on
Nz (nose). The *Reference Channel* box applies this spatial filter to further
remove noises.
We then use a :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_ContinuousOscilloscope` to display the
filtered signal.
.. figure:: images/UseCase1_1.png
:align: center
Denoising the signal before display
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases_SignalAnalysis_Scenario_Spectrum:
Spectral analysis
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A first pipeline computes two surface Laplacian filters around C3 and C4, the
center of the two motor cortices. We then compute the spectrum using FFT, up
to 32 Hz, and display it using :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_InstantBars` (spectrum
levels) and :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_StackedBitmapHorizontal` (time-frequency
map).
.. figure:: images/UseCase1_2.png
:align: center
Spectral analysis over filtered data
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases_SignalAnalysis_Scenario_Topo:
Topographic display
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We compute in a parallel pipeline the alpha band power, averaged over several
epochs, and visualize it over the scalp through
:ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_2DTopography` and :ref:`Doc_BoxAlgorithm_3DTopography`.
.. figure:: images/UseCase1_3.png
:align: center
Topographic display of the alpha band power over the scalp
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases_SignalAnalysis_Result:
Result
~~~~~~
Here is the online visualization when we play this scenario on the provided
data.
.. figure:: images/UseCase1_6.png
:align: center
Signal display
.. figure:: images/UseCase1_4.png
:align: center
Spectrum visualization
.. figure:: images/UseCase1_5.png
:align: center
2D and 3D Topographies
.. _Doc_Mensia_AdvViz_UseCases_ERPAnalysis:
Event-Related Potentials analysis
---------------------------------
This use-case is focused on the ERP extraction and visualization, applied to
P300 speller data. The Mensia Advanced Visualization boxes allows concurrent
and comparative displays (e.g. target versus non-target potentials), and
synchronized replay capabilities
You can find this scenario in the provided sample set, the scenario file name
is ``UseCase-2-ERP-analysis.mxs``.