123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162 |
- % ============================================================================================
- \section{Lineare OPV-Schaltungen, Gegengekoppelte Strukturen}
- % ============================================================================================
-
- \begin{sectionbox}
-
- % OPV Formeln
- % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- \subsection{Operationsverstärker}
-
- % Differenzverstärkung %
- $A_{VD}(=V_{UD})=\frac{U_{OUT}}{U_{ID}}(typ.>100k)>>1$
-
- % GLeichtaktverstärkung %
- $A_{VC}=\frac{U_{OUT}}{U_{CM}} \approx 0$
-
- % Common Mode Rejection Ratio %
- $CMMR=\frac{A_{VD}}{A_{VC}}>>1$ \quad\
- $CMMR/dB=20\cdot log(\frac{A_{VD}}{A_{VC}})$
-
- % Frequenzgang %
- $\underline{V}_{ud}(f)=\frac{V_{UD}}{\cancel{1}+\frac{j\cdot f}{f_1}}$
- \begin{emphbox}
- $f_1(=f_{1,3dB})=\frac{f_T(=GBW)}{V_{ud}}$
- \end{emphbox}
-
- % Standard-Rückkopplungsstruktur
- % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- \subsection{Standardstruktur}
-
- \begin{center}
- \includegraphics[width = 0.5\columnwidth]{img_02_01_Standardstruktur}
- \end{center}
-
- % Schleifenverstärkung %
- Schleifenverstärkung: $\underline{g} = \underline{V}_{ud} \cdot \underline{k}$
-
- % Ausgangsspannung %
- $\underline{u}_2 = \underline{a}_V^+ \cdot \underline{u}_1^+ + \underline{a}_V^- \cdot \underline{u}_1^-$
-
- % Spannungsverstärkung %
- \begin{emphbox}
- $\underline{a}_V^+ = \frac{\underline{V}_{ud}}{1+\underline{k}\cdot\underline{V}_{ud}}$ \quad \quad\
- $\underline{a}_V^- = -\frac{\underline{V}_{ud}\cdot(1-\underline{k})}{1+\underline{k}\cdot\underline{V}_{ud}}$\newline
- \end{emphbox}
-
- \subsubsection{Betriebsmodi}
-
- % Nichtinvertierender Betrieb %
- \underline{Nichtinvertierender Betrieb:}
- \begin{bluebox}
- \begin{center}
- $\underline{u}_1^- = 0!$ \quad\
- $\underline{u}_1 = \underline{u}_1^+$ \quad\
- $\underline{g} = \underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}$
- \end{center}
- \end{bluebox}
-
- Normalbetrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| >> 1$
- \begin{emphbox}
- $\underline{a}_V = +\frac{1}{\underline{k}} = 1 + \frac{\underline{Z}_2}{\underline{Z}_1}$
- \end{emphbox}
-
- OPV-Vorwärtsbertrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| << 1$
- \begin{emphbox}
- $\underline{a}_V = \underline{V}_{ud}$
- \end{emphbox}
-
- % Invertierender Betrieb %
- \underline{Invertierender Betrieb:}
- \begin{bluebox}
- \begin{center}
- $\underline{u}_1^+ = 0!$ \quad\
- $\underline{u}_1 = \underline{u}_1^-$ \quad\
- $\underline{g} = \underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}$
- \end{center}
- \end{bluebox}
-
- Normalbetrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| >> 1$
- \begin{emphbox}
- $\underline{a}_V = -\frac{1-\underline{k}}{\underline{k}} = 1 - \frac{1}{\underline{k}}
- = -\frac{\underline{Z}_2}{\underline{Z}_1}$
- \end{emphbox}
-
- OPV-Vorwärtsbertrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| << 1$
- \begin{emphbox}
- $\underline{a}_V = -\underline{V}_{ud} \cdot (1 - \underline{k})$
- \end{emphbox}
-
- \subsubsection{Betriebsfrequenzgrenze der Schaltung}
- Betriebsfrequenzgrenze $f_g$ (= Durchtrittsfreq. $f_D$)
- \begin{bluebox}
- \begin{center}
- $|\underline{g}(f_g (= f_D))| = |\underline{k}(f_g) \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}(f_g)| = 1$
- \end{center}
- \end{bluebox}
-
- \begin{emphbox}
- $f_g \approx \frac{GBW}{1/|\underline{k}(f_g)|}$
- \end{emphbox}
- \end{sectionbox}
-
-
- \begin{sectionbox}
-
- % Standard-Rückkopplungsstruktur
- % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- \subsection{Stabilität von gegengekoppelten OPV-Schaltungen}
-
- \end{sectionbox}
-
- \begin{sectionbox}
-
- % Standard lineare OPV-Schaltungen TODO
- % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- \subsection{Standard Linearverstärker mit OPV}
- \subsubsection{Invertierender Standard Verstärker}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_02_invertierender_verstaerker}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{\begin{emphbox} $f_g \approx \frac{GBW}{1/|\underline{k}(f_g)|}$ \end{emphbox} }
-
- \subsubsection{Nichtinvertierender Standard Verstärker}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_03_nichtinvertierender_verstaerker}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
- \subsubsection{Spannungsfolger, Impedanzwandler}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_04_impedanzwandler}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
- \subsubsection{Integrierer}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_05_integrierer}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
- \subsubsection{Differentiator (Differenzierer)}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_06_differenzierer}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
- \subsubsection{Summierer (Invertierend)}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_07_summierer}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
- \subsubsection{Differenzverstärker (aktiver Subtrahierer, einfache Struktur)}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_08_differenzverstaerker}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
-
- \subsubsection{Instrumentenverstärker (verbesserter Differenzverstärker)}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_09_instrumentenverstaerker}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
- \end{sectionbox}
- %Force column break
- \begin{sectionbox}
-
- \subsubsection{Spannungsgesteuerte Stromquelle ($G_m$)}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_10_stromquelle}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
- \subsubsection{Negativ-Impedanz-Konverter (NIC)}
- \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_11_NIC}}
- \parbox{3.5cm}{}
-
- \end{sectionbox}
|