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thema4_linearer_OPV.tex 5.4KB

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  1. % ============================================================================================
  2. \section{Lineare OPV-Schaltungen, Gegengekoppelte Strukturen}
  3. % ============================================================================================
  4. \begin{sectionbox}
  5. % OPV Formeln
  6. % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  7. \subsection{Operationsverstärker}
  8. % Differenzverstärkung %
  9. $A_{VD}(=V_{UD})=\frac{U_{OUT}}{U_{ID}}(typ.>100k)>>1$
  10. % GLeichtaktverstärkung %
  11. $A_{VC}=\frac{U_{OUT}}{U_{CM}} \approx 0$
  12. % Common Mode Rejection Ratio %
  13. $CMMR=\frac{A_{VD}}{A_{VC}}>>1$ \quad\
  14. $CMMR/dB=20\cdot log(\frac{A_{VD}}{A_{VC}})$
  15. % Frequenzgang %
  16. $\underline{V}_{ud}(f)=\frac{V_{UD}}{\cancel{1}+\frac{j\cdot f}{f_1}}$
  17. \begin{emphbox}
  18. $f_1(=f_{1,3dB})=\frac{f_T(=GBW)}{V_{ud}}$
  19. \end{emphbox}
  20. % Standard-Rückkopplungsstruktur
  21. % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  22. \subsection{Standardstruktur}
  23. \begin{center}
  24. \includegraphics[width = 0.5\columnwidth]{img_02_01_Standardstruktur}
  25. \end{center}
  26. % Schleifenverstärkung %
  27. Schleifenverstärkung: $\underline{g} = \underline{V}_{ud} \cdot \underline{k}$
  28. % Ausgangsspannung %
  29. $\underline{u}_2 = \underline{a}_V^+ \cdot \underline{u}_1^+ + \underline{a}_V^- \cdot \underline{u}_1^-$
  30. % Spannungsverstärkung %
  31. \begin{emphbox}
  32. $\underline{a}_V^+ = \frac{\underline{V}_{ud}}{1+\underline{k}\cdot\underline{V}_{ud}}$ \quad \quad\
  33. $\underline{a}_V^- = -\frac{\underline{V}_{ud}\cdot(1-\underline{k})}{1+\underline{k}\cdot\underline{V}_{ud}}$\newline
  34. \end{emphbox}
  35. \subsubsection{Betriebsmodi}
  36. % Nichtinvertierender Betrieb %
  37. \underline{Nichtinvertierender Betrieb:}
  38. \begin{bluebox}
  39. \begin{center}
  40. $\underline{u}_1^- = 0!$ \quad\
  41. $\underline{u}_1 = \underline{u}_1^+$ \quad\
  42. $\underline{g} = \underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}$
  43. \end{center}
  44. \end{bluebox}
  45. Normalbetrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| >> 1$
  46. \begin{emphbox}
  47. $\underline{a}_V = +\frac{1}{\underline{k}} = 1 + \frac{\underline{Z}_2}{\underline{Z}_1}$
  48. \end{emphbox}
  49. OPV-Vorwärtsbertrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| << 1$
  50. \begin{emphbox}
  51. $\underline{a}_V = \underline{V}_{ud}$
  52. \end{emphbox}
  53. % Invertierender Betrieb %
  54. \underline{Invertierender Betrieb:}
  55. \begin{bluebox}
  56. \begin{center}
  57. $\underline{u}_1^+ = 0!$ \quad\
  58. $\underline{u}_1 = \underline{u}_1^-$ \quad\
  59. $\underline{g} = \underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}$
  60. \end{center}
  61. \end{bluebox}
  62. Normalbetrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| >> 1$
  63. \begin{emphbox}
  64. $\underline{a}_V = -\frac{1-\underline{k}}{\underline{k}} = 1 - \frac{1}{\underline{k}}
  65. = -\frac{\underline{Z}_2}{\underline{Z}_1}$
  66. \end{emphbox}
  67. OPV-Vorwärtsbertrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| << 1$
  68. \begin{emphbox}
  69. $\underline{a}_V = -\underline{V}_{ud} \cdot (1 - \underline{k})$
  70. \end{emphbox}
  71. \subsubsection{Betriebsfrequenzgrenze der Schaltung}
  72. Betriebsfrequenzgrenze $f_g$ (= Durchtrittsfreq. $f_D$)
  73. \begin{bluebox}
  74. \begin{center}
  75. $|\underline{g}(f_g (= f_D))| = |\underline{k}(f_g) \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}(f_g)| = 1$
  76. \end{center}
  77. \end{bluebox}
  78. \begin{emphbox}
  79. $f_g \approx \frac{GBW}{1/|\underline{k}(f_g)|}$
  80. \end{emphbox}
  81. \end{sectionbox}
  82. \begin{sectionbox}
  83. % Standard-Rückkopplungsstruktur
  84. % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  85. \subsection{Stabilität von gegengekoppelten OPV-Schaltungen}
  86. \end{sectionbox}
  87. \begin{sectionbox}
  88. % Standard lineare OPV-Schaltungen TODO
  89. % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  90. \subsection{Standard Linearverstärker mit OPV}
  91. \subsubsection{Invertierender Standard Verstärker}
  92. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_02_invertierender_verstaerker}}
  93. \parbox{3.5cm}{\begin{emphbox} $f_g \approx \frac{GBW}{1/|\underline{k}(f_g)|}$ \end{emphbox} }
  94. \subsubsection{Nichtinvertierender Standard Verstärker}
  95. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_03_nichtinvertierender_verstaerker}}
  96. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  97. \subsubsection{Spannungsfolger, Impedanzwandler}
  98. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_04_impedanzwandler}}
  99. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  100. \subsubsection{Integrierer}
  101. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_05_integrierer}}
  102. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  103. \subsubsection{Differentiator (Differenzierer)}
  104. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_06_differenzierer}}
  105. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  106. \subsubsection{Summierer (Invertierend)}
  107. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_07_summierer}}
  108. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  109. \subsubsection{Differenzverstärker (aktiver Subtrahierer, einfache Struktur)}
  110. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_08_differenzverstaerker}}
  111. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  112. \subsubsection{Instrumentenverstärker (verbesserter Differenzverstärker)}
  113. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_09_instrumentenverstaerker}}
  114. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  115. \end{sectionbox}
  116. %Force column break
  117. \begin{sectionbox}
  118. \subsubsection{Spannungsgesteuerte Stromquelle ($G_m$)}
  119. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_10_stromquelle}}
  120. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  121. \subsubsection{Negativ-Impedanz-Konverter (NIC)}
  122. \pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_11_NIC}}
  123. \parbox{3.5cm}{}
  124. \end{sectionbox}