Lecture 6

SoSe24/lec06_graph/astar.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import math
+from typing import Callable
+import re
+from graph import Graph, AdjacencyListGraph, AdjacencyMatrixGraph, NodeColor, Vertex
+
+
+def a_star(self, start_name: str, end_name: str, heuristic: Callable[[Vertex], float]):
+    color_map = {}                  # maps vertices to their color
+    distance_map = {}               # maps vertices to their distance from the start vertex
+    predecessor_map = {}            # maps vertices to their predecessor in the traversal tree
+
+    def cost(vertex: Vertex) -> float:
+        """Compute the cost of the path to the given vertex."""
+        if distance_map[vertex] is None:
+            return math.inf
+        return distance_map[vertex] + heuristic(vertex)
+
+    # Initialize the maps
+    for vertex in self.all_vertices():
+        color_map[vertex] = NodeColor.WHITE
+        distance_map[vertex] = None
+        predecessor_map[vertex] = None
+
+    # Start at the given vertex
+    start_node = self.get_vertex(start_name)
+    color_map[start_node] = NodeColor.GRAY
+    distance_map[start_node] = 0
+
+    # Initialize the queue with the start vertex
+    queue = [start_node]
+
+    # Process the queue
+    while len(queue) > 0:
+        queue.sort(key=cost)
+        vertex = queue.pop(0)
+        if vertex.value == end_name:
+            # Return the distance and predecessor maps
+            return distance_map, predecessor_map
+        for dest, weight in self.get_adjacent_vertices_with_weight(vertex.value):
+            if color_map[dest] == NodeColor.BLACK:
+                continue
+            f = distance_map[vertex] + weight + heuristic(dest)
+            if color_map[dest] == NodeColor.GRAY and f > cost(dest):
+                continue
+            predecessor_map[dest] = vertex
+            distance_map[dest] = distance_map[vertex] + weight
+            if color_map[dest] == NodeColor.WHITE:
+                queue.append(dest)
+                color_map[dest] = NodeColor.GRAY
+        color_map[vertex] = NodeColor.BLACK
+
+    # Return the distance and predecessor maps if no path was found
+    return None, None
+
+
+# Add the a_star method to the Graph classes
+AdjacencyListGraph.a_star = a_star
+AdjacencyMatrixGraph.a_star = a_star
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    def read_labyrinth_into_graph(graph: Graph, filename: str):
+        """Read a labyrinth from a file into a graph. The file format is a grid of characters:"""
+        start = None
+        end = None
+        with open(filename, "r") as file:
+            nodes = []
+            lines = file.readlines()
+            for y, line in enumerate(lines):
+                for x, char in enumerate(line):
+                    if char in ' AS':
+                        name = pos_to_nodename((x, y))
+                        graph.insert_vertex(name)
+                        nodes.append((x, y))
+                    if char == 'A':
+                        end = (x, y)
+                    if char == 'S':
+                        start = (x, y)
+            for x, y in nodes:
+                name1 = f"x{x}y{y}"
+                for neighbor in [(x - 1, y), (x, y - 1), (x, y + 1), (x + 1, y)]:
+                    if neighbor in nodes:
+                        name_neighbor = pos_to_nodename(neighbor)
+                        graph.connect(name1, name_neighbor, 1)
+        return start, end, lines
+
+
+    def nodename_to_pos(nodename):
+        """Convert a node name to a position (x, y)."""
+        m = re.match(r"(^x(\d*)y(\d*))", nodename)
+        if m:
+            return (int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3)))
+        return None
+
+
+    def pos_to_nodename(pos):
+        """Convert a position (x, y) to a node name."""
+        x, y = pos
+        return f"x{x}y{y}"
+
+
+    def get_heuristic(end) -> Callable[[Vertex], float]:
+        """Return a heuristic function for the given end position."""
+        def heuristic(v: Vertex) -> float:
+            x, y = nodename_to_pos(v.value)
+            x1, y1 = end
+            # Euclidean distance
+            return math.sqrt(abs(x - x1)**2 + abs(y - y1)**2)
+
+        return heuristic
+
+    def update_lines(lines, distance_map, path):
+        """Update the lines with the path found by the A* algorithm."""
+        def replace_at(x, y, replacement):
+            if lines[y][x] not in " .":
+                return
+            lines[y] = lines[y][:x] + replacement + lines[y][x+1:]
+
+        for node in distance_map.keys():
+            if distance_map[node] is not None:
+                x, y = nodename_to_pos(node.value)
+                replace_at(x, y, ".")
+        for node in path:
+            x, y = nodename_to_pos(node)
+            replace_at(x, y, "*")
+        return lines
+
+    graph = AdjacencyListGraph()
+    #graph = AdjacencyMatrixGraph()
+    start, end, lines = read_labyrinth_into_graph(graph, "../../labyrinth.txt")
+    distance_map, predecessor_map = graph.a_star(pos_to_nodename(start), pos_to_nodename(end), get_heuristic(end))
+    endname = pos_to_nodename(end)
+    lines = update_lines(lines, distance_map, graph.path(endname, predecessor_map))
+    for line in lines:
+        print(line, end="")

SoSe24/lec06_graph/graph.py

@@ -16,12 +16,15 @@ class Vertex:
     def __init__(self, value):
         self.value = value
 
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(self.value)
+
 class Graph:
     """A graph."""
     def insert_vertex(self, name: str):
         raise NotImplementedError("Please implement this method in subclass")
 
-    def connect(self, name1: str, name2: str):
+    def connect(self, name1: str, name2: str, weight: float = 1):
         raise NotImplementedError("Please implement this method in subclass")
 
     def all_vertices(self) -> List[Vertex]:
@@ -33,6 +36,10 @@ class Graph:
     def get_adjacent_vertices(self, name: str) -> List[Vertex]:
         raise NotImplementedError("Please implement this method in subclass")
 
+    def get_adjacent_vertices_with_weight(self, name: str) -> List[tuple[Vertex, float]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Please implement this method in subclass")
+
+
     def bfs(self, start_name: str):
         """
         Perform a breadth-first search starting at the given vertex.
@@ -74,6 +81,7 @@ class Graph:
         # Return the distance and predecessor maps
         return distance_map, predecessor_map
 
+
     def path(self, destination, map):
         """
         Compute the path from the start vertex to the given destination vertex.
@@ -100,10 +108,10 @@ class AdjacencyListGraph(Graph):
         if name not in self.adjacency_map:
             self.adjacency_map[name] = []
 
-    def connect(self, name1: str, name2: str):
+    def connect(self, name1: str, name2: str, weight: float = 1):
         adjacency_list = self.adjacency_map[name1]
         dest = self.vertex_map[name2]
-        adjacency_list.append(dest)
+        adjacency_list.append((dest, weight))
 
     def all_vertices(self) -> List[Vertex]:
         return list(self.vertex_map.values())
@@ -112,8 +120,14 @@ class AdjacencyListGraph(Graph):
         return self.vertex_map[name]
 
     def get_adjacent_vertices(self, name: str) -> List[Vertex]:
+        return list(map(lambda x: x[0], self.adjacency_map[name]))
+
+    def get_adjacent_vertices_with_weight(self, name: str) -> List[tuple[Vertex, float]]:
         return self.adjacency_map[name]
 
+
+
+
 class AdjacencyMatrixGraph(Graph):
     """A graph implemented as an adjacency matrix."""
     def __init__(self):
@@ -126,13 +140,13 @@ class AdjacencyMatrixGraph(Graph):
             self.index_map[name] = len(self.vertex_list)
             self.vertex_list.append(Vertex(name))
             for row in self.adjacency_matrix:   # add a new column to each row
-                row.append(0)
+                row.append(None)
-            self.adjacency_matrix.append([0] * len(self.vertex_list)) # add a new row
+            self.adjacency_matrix.append([None] * len(self.vertex_list)) # add a new row
 
-    def connect(self, name1: str, name2: str):
+    def connect(self, name1: str, name2: str, weight: float = 1):
         index1 = self.index_map[name1]
         index2 = self.index_map[name2]
-        self.adjacency_matrix[index1][index2] = 1
+        self.adjacency_matrix[index1][index2] = weight
 
     def all_vertices(self) -> List[Vertex]:
         return self.vertex_list
@@ -145,31 +159,46 @@ class AdjacencyMatrixGraph(Graph):
         index = self.index_map[name]
         result = []
         for i in range(len(self.vertex_list)):
-            if self.adjacency_matrix[index][i] == 1:
+            if self.adjacency_matrix[index][i] is not None:
                 name = self.vertex_list[i].value
                 result.append(self.get_vertex(name))
         return result
 
-def read_cave_into_graph(graph: Graph, filename: str):
+    def get_adjacent_vertices_with_weight(self, name: str) -> List[tuple[Vertex, float]]:
-    """Read a cave description from a file and insert it into the given graph."""
+        index = self.index_map[name]
-    with open(filename, "r") as file:
+        result = []
-        lines = file.readlines()
+        for i in range(len(self.vertex_list)):
-        for line in lines:
+            if self.adjacency_matrix[index][i] is not None:
-            # match a line with two node names and an optional direction
+                name = self.vertex_list[i].value
-            m = re.match(r"(^\s*\"(.*)\"\s*([<>]*)\s*\"(.*)\"\s*)", line)
+                result.append((self.get_vertex(name), self.adjacency_matrix[index][i]))
-            if m:
+        return result
-                startnode = m.group(2)
+
-                endnode = m.group(4)
+
-                opcode = m.group(3)
+
-                graph.insert_vertex(startnode)
+
-                graph.insert_vertex(endnode)
-                if '>' in opcode:
-                    graph.connect(startnode, endnode)
-                if '<' in opcode:
-                    graph.connect(endnode, startnode)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    def read_cave_into_graph(graph: Graph, filename: str):
+        """Read a cave description from a file and insert it into the given graph."""
+        with open(filename, "r") as file:
+            lines = file.readlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                # match a line with two node names and an optional direction
+                m = re.match(r"(^\s*\"(.*)\"\s*([<>]*)\s*\"(.*)\"\s*)", line)
+                if m:
+                    startnode = m.group(2)
+                    endnode = m.group(4)
+                    opcode = m.group(3)
+                    graph.insert_vertex(startnode)
+                    graph.insert_vertex(endnode)
+                    if '>' in opcode:
+                        graph.connect(startnode, endnode)
+                    if '<' in opcode:
+                        graph.connect(endnode, startnode)
+
+
     graph = AdjacencyListGraph()
     #graph = AdjacencyMatrixGraph()
     read_cave_into_graph(graph, "../../hoehle.txt")
@@ -179,3 +208,4 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     _, predecessor_map = graph.bfs('Schatzkammer')
     path = graph.path('Höhleneingang', predecessor_map)
     print(path)
+