Turtle

01_Turtle/lesson/01_simple_line.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
-from turtle import *
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.forward(100)
+
+sophia.screen.mainloop()
+
 
-shape('turtle')
-forward(100)
-done()

01_Turtle/lesson/02_dotted_line.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-from turtle import *
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.hideturtle()
 
 for _ in range(10):
-    penup();
-    forward(5);
-    pendown();
-    forward(5);
+    sophia.penup()
+    sophia.forward(5)
+    sophia.pendown()
+    sophia.forward(5)
 
-done()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/lesson/03_colored_line.py

@@ -2,15 +2,19 @@ from turtle import *
 
 pensize(5)
 
-pencolor('Green')
+pencolor('green')
 forward(30)
-pencolor('Blue')
+pencolor('blue')
 forward(30)
-pencolor('Red')
+pencolor('red')
 forward(30)
-pencolor('White')
+pencolor('white')
 forward(30)
-pencolor('Black')
+pencolor('black')
+print(pencolor())
 forward(30)
+pencolor('#c72426')
+forward(30)
+print(pencolor())
 
 done()

01_Turtle/lesson/05_square.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-from turtle import *
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+sophia = Turtle()
 
 def draw_square():
     for _ in range(4):
-        forward(100)
-        right(90)
+        sophia.forward(100)
+        sophia.right(90)
 
 draw_square()
 
-done()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/lesson/06_sized_square.py

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
-from turtle import *
+from turtle import Turtle
 
-def draw_square(length):
+sophia = Turtle()
+
+def draw_square(turtle, length):
     for _ in range(4):
-        forward(length)
-        right(90)
+        turtle.forward(length)
+        turtle.right(90)
 
+draw_square(sophia, 100)
 
-draw_square(50)
-penup()
-forward(100)
-pendown()
-draw_square(40)
-hideturtle()
-
-done()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/lesson/07_filled_square.py

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-from turtle import *
+from turtle import Turtle
 
-def draw_square(length):
-    begin_fill()
+def draw_square(turtle, length):
     for _ in range(4):
-        forward(length)
-        right(90)
-    end_fill()
+        turtle.forward(length)
+        turtle.right(90)
 
-draw_square(50)
-penup()
-forward(100)
-pendown()
-draw_square(40)
+def draw_filled_square(turtle, length):
+    turtle.begin_fill()
+    draw_square(turtle, length)
+    turtle.end_fill()
 
-hideturtle()
 
-done()
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.fillcolor('red')
+draw_filled_square(sophia, 100)
+
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/lesson/07_filled_square_methods.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+def draw_square(turtle, length):
+    for _ in range(4):
+        turtle.forward(length)
+        turtle.right(90)
+
+def draw_filled_square(turtle, length):
+    turtle.begin_fill()
+    draw_square(turtle, length)
+    turtle.end_fill()
+
+Turtle.draw_filled_square = draw_filled_square
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.fillcolor('red')
+sophia.draw_filled_square(100)
+
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/ampel.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+def draw_rectangle(turtle, width, height):
+    for _ in range(2):
+        turtle.forward(width)
+        turtle.left(90)
+        turtle.forward(height)
+        turtle.left(90)
+
+def draw_case(turtle):
+    turtle.pencolor('black')
+    turtle.fillcolor('black')
+    turtle.pendown()
+    turtle.begin_fill()
+    draw_rectangle(turtle, 70, 190)
+    turtle.end_fill()
+    turtle.penup()
+
+def draw_light(turtle, color):
+    turtle.pencolor(color)
+    turtle.fillcolor(color)
+    turtle.pendown()
+    turtle.begin_fill()
+    turtle.right(90)
+    turtle.circle(25)
+    turtle.end_fill()
+    turtle.penup()
+    turtle.left(90)
+
+def draw_traffic_light(turtle):
+    draw_case(turtle)
+    turtle.forward(35)
+    turtle.left(90)
+    turtle.forward(10)
+    draw_light(turtle, 'green')
+    turtle.forward(60)
+    draw_light(turtle, 'yellow')
+    turtle.forward(60)
+    draw_light(turtle, 'red')
+
+
+
+zoe = Turtle()
+draw_traffic_light(zoe)
+zoe.hideturtle()
+zoe.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/flags.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+def draw_flag(turtle, color1, color2, color3):
+    turtle.pencolor('black')
+    turtle.pendown()
+    draw_rectangle(turtle, 600, 300)
+    turtle.penup()
+    draw_segment(turtle, color1)
+    draw_segment(turtle, color2)
+    draw_segment(turtle, color3)
+
+def draw_segment(turtle, color):
+    turtle.fillcolor(color)
+    draw_filled_rectangle(turtle, 200, 300)
+    turtle.forward(200)
+
+
+def draw_filled_rectangle(turtle, width, height):
+    turtle.begin_fill()
+    draw_rectangle(turtle, width, height)
+    turtle.end_fill()
+
+def draw_rectangle(turtle, width, height):
+    for _ in range(2):
+        turtle.forward(width)
+        turtle.left(90)
+        turtle.forward(height)
+        turtle.left(90)
+
+
+Turtle.draw_flag = draw_flag
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.draw_flag('green', 'white', 'red')
+sophia.backward(600)
+sophia.right(90)
+sophia.forward(400)
+sophia.left(90)
+sophia.draw_flag('blue', 'white', 'red')
+sophia.hideturtle()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/heart.py

@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
-from turtle import *
+from turtle import Turtle
 
-speed(1)
-bgcolor('Black')
-pencolor('Red')
-fillcolor('Red')
-begin_fill()
-left(140)
-forward(180)
-circle(-90, 200)
-left(120)
-circle(-90, 200)
-forward(180)
-end_fill()
+def draw_heart(turtle):
+    turtle.left(40)
+    turtle.forward(178)
+    turtle.circle(90,200)
+    turtle.right(120)
+    turtle.circle(90,200)
+    turtle.forward(178)
 
-done()
+
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.screen.bgcolor('Black')
+sophia.pencolor('Red')
+sophia.fillcolor('Red')
+sophia.begin_fill()
+draw_heart(sophia)
+sophia.end_fill()
+
+sophia.hideturtle()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/mandala.py

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
-from turtle import *
+from turtle import Turtle
 
-speed(0)
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.speed(0)
 
 for _ in range(36):
-    pencolor("Blue")
-    circle(100)
-    pencolor("Red")
-    forward(200)
-    left(120)
-    color("Orange")
-    forward(100)
-    left(70)
-    forward(15)
+    sophia.pencolor("Blue")
+    sophia.circle(100)
+    sophia.pencolor("Red")
+    sophia.forward(200)
+    sophia.left(120)
+    sophia.color("Orange")
+    sophia.forward(100)
+    sophia.left(70)
+    sophia.forward(15)
+
+sophia.screen.mainloop()
 
-done()

01_Turtle/projects/rotating_square.py

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-from turtle import *
+from turtle import Turtle
 
-def draw_square(length):
+def draw_square(turtle, length):
     for _ in range(4):
-        forward(length)
-        right(90)
+        turtle.forward(length)
+        turtle.right(90)
 
+def draw_mandala(turtle, length):
+    for _ in range(18):
+        draw_square(turtle, length)
+        turtle.right(20)
 
-for _ in range(18):
-    draw_square(100)
-    right(20)
-
-done()
+sophia = Turtle()
+draw_mandala(sophia, 100)
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/santas_house.py

@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
-from turtle import *
+import math
+from turtle import Turtle
 
-left(90)
-forward(100)
-right(90)
-forward(100)
-right(90+45)
-forward(141.42)
-left(90+45)
-forward(100)
-left(90+45)
-forward(141.42)
-right(45+30)
-forward(100)
-right(120)
-forward(100)
-right(30)
-forward(100)
+def draw_santas_house(turtle, length):
+    turtle.left(90)
+    turtle.forward(length)
+    turtle.right(90)
+    turtle.forward(length)
+    turtle.right(90 + 45)
+    turtle.forward(math.sqrt(2*length*length))
+    turtle.left(90 + 45)
+    turtle.forward(length)
+    turtle.left(90 + 45)
+    turtle.forward(math.sqrt(2*length*length))
+    turtle.right(45 + 30)
+    turtle.forward(length)
+    turtle.right(120)
+    turtle.forward(length)
+    turtle.right(30)
+    turtle.forward(length)
 
-done()
+
+
+Turtle.draw_santas_house = draw_santas_house
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.draw_santas_house(200)
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/skyscraper.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+def draw_building(turtle):
+    turtle.fillcolor('black')
+    turtle.pencolor('black')
+    draw_filled_rectangle(turtle,100, 210)
+    turtle.left(90)
+    for _ in range(5):
+        draw_floor(turtle)
+
+def draw_floor(turtle):
+    turtle.penup()
+    turtle.forward(10)
+    turtle.right(90)
+    turtle.forward(10)
+    turtle.pendown()
+    for _ in range(3):
+        draw_window(turtle)
+        next_window(turtle)
+    turtle.penup()
+    turtle.backward(100)
+    turtle.left(90)
+    turtle.forward(30)
+
+def draw_window(turtle):
+    turtle.fillcolor('yellow')
+    turtle.pencolor('yellow')
+    draw_filled_rectangle(turtle, 20, 30)
+
+def next_window(turtle):
+    turtle.penup()
+    turtle.forward(30)
+    turtle.pendown()
+
+
+def draw_filled_rectangle(turtle, width, height):
+    turtle.begin_fill()
+    for _ in range(2):
+        turtle.forward(width)
+        turtle.left(90)
+        turtle.forward(height)
+        turtle.left(90)
+    turtle.end_fill()
+
+
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.screen.bgcolor('blue')
+draw_building(sophia)
+sophia.hideturtle()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/torte.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+def draw_segment(turtle, degree, length):
+    turtle.pendown()
+    turtle.begin_fill()
+    turtle.circle(length, degree)
+    turtle.left(90)
+    turtle.forward(length)
+    turtle.right(degree)
+    turtle.backward(length)
+    turtle.end_fill()
+    turtle.penup()
+    turtle.forward(length)
+    turtle.left(degree)
+    turtle.backward(length)
+    turtle.right(90)
+
+
+Turtle.draw_segment = draw_segment
+sophia = Turtle()
+sophia.pencolor('red')
+sophia.fillcolor('red')
+sophia.draw_segment(240, 100)
+sophia.pencolor('blue')
+sophia.fillcolor('blue')
+sophia.draw_segment(90, 100)
+sophia.pencolor('green')
+sophia.fillcolor('green')
+sophia.draw_segment(30, 100)
+sophia.hideturtle()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/yinyang.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+
+
+sophia = Turtle()
+zoe = Turtle()
+
+sophia.screen.bgcolor('grey')
+
+sophia.pencolor('black')
+sophia.fillcolor('black')
+zoe.pencolor('white')
+zoe.fillcolor('white')
+
+
+zoe.begin_fill()
+zoe.left(90)
+zoe.penup()
+zoe.forward(300)
+zoe.left(90)
+zoe.circle(150, 180)
+zoe.end_fill()
+
+sophia.begin_fill()
+sophia.circle(150, 180)
+sophia.penup()
+sophia.left(90)
+sophia.forward(300)
+sophia.left(90)
+sophia.end_fill()
+
+zoe.penup()
+zoe.left(90)
+zoe.forward(150)
+zoe.right(90)
+zoe.pendown()
+zoe.begin_fill()
+zoe.circle(75,180)
+zoe.left(90)
+zoe.forward(150)
+zoe.end_fill()
+
+sophia.pendown()
+sophia.begin_fill()
+sophia.left(90)
+sophia.forward(150)
+sophia.left(90)
+sophia.circle(75,180)
+sophia.end_fill()
+
+zoe.penup()
+zoe.forward(85)
+zoe.left(90)
+zoe.pendown()
+zoe.begin_fill()
+zoe.circle(10)
+zoe.end_fill()
+
+sophia.penup()
+sophia.left(90)
+sophia.forward(235)
+sophia.left(90)
+sophia.pendown()
+sophia.begin_fill()
+sophia.circle(10)
+sophia.end_fill()
+
+sophia.hideturtle()
+zoe.hideturtle()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()

01_Turtle/projects/zielscheibe.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from turtle import Turtle
+
+
+def draw_archery_target(turtle):
+    draw_circle(turtle, 30, 'red')
+    draw_circle(turtle, 20, 'white')
+    draw_circle(turtle, 10, 'red')
+
+
+def draw_circle(turtle, radius, color):
+    turtle.fillcolor(color)
+    turtle.pencolor(color)
+    turtle.begin_fill()
+    turtle.pendown()
+    turtle.circle(radius)
+    turtle.penup()
+    turtle.end_fill()
+    turtle.left(90)
+    turtle.forward(10)
+    turtle.right(90)
+
+
+sophia = Turtle()
+draw_archery_target(sophia)
+sophia.hideturtle()
+sophia.screen.mainloop()