\section {3-Phasen Spannungssystem} Ein symmetrisches 3-Phasen Spannungssystem mit der Phasenlage 1-2-3 speist einen unsymmetrischen Verbraucher mit den Impedanzen\\ $\uline{Z}_1=R_1$; $\quad\uline{Z}_2=R_2+jX_{L2}$; $\quad\uline{Z}_3=jX_{L3}$;\\ $U_{12}=400\,\volt\cdot e^{j30\degree}$; $\quad R_2=50\,\ohm$; $\quad X_{L2}=30\,\ohm$; $\quad X_{L3}=25\,\ohm$\\ Der Leistungsmesser zeigt $1323\,\watt$ an. Berechnen Sie den Strom $\uline{I}_N$. \begin{align*} \begin{tikzpicture}[very thick,scale=2] \begin{scope}[>=latex,xshift=0cm,yshift=1.5cm]%Wattmeter \draw (0,0)--(.367,0) (.633,0)--(1,0) node at (.5,0) {W}; \draw (.5,0)circle(.133); \draw(.25,0)--(.25,.25)--(.5,.25)--(.5,.133)(.5,-.133)--(.5,-1.5); \end{scope} \begin{scope}[>=latex,xshift=1cm,yshift=1.5cm]%Widerstand \draw (0,0)--(.3,0) (.3,-0.0667)rectangle(.7,0.0667) (.7,0)--(1,0)node at (.5,.0667) [above] {$\uline{Z}_1$}; \draw [->,red] (0,.1)--(.25,.1)node at(.125,.1)[above]{\footnotesize$\uline{I}_1$}; \end{scope} \begin{scope}[>=latex,xshift=1cm,yshift=1.cm]%Widerstand \draw (0,0)--(.3,0) (.3,-0.0667)rectangle(.7,0.0667) (.7,0)--(1,0)node at (.5,.0667) [above] {$\uline{Z}_2$}; \draw [->,red] (0,.1)--(.25,.1)node at(.125,.1)[above]{\footnotesize$\uline{I}_2$}; \end{scope} \begin{scope}[>=latex,xshift=1cm,yshift=.5cm]%Widerstand \draw (0,0)--(.3,0) (.3,-0.0667)rectangle(.7,0.0667) (.7,0)--(1,0)node at (.5,.0667) [above] {$\uline{Z}_3$}; \draw [->,red] (0,.1)--(.25,.1)node at(.125,.1)[above]{\footnotesize$\uline{I}_3$}; \end{scope} \begin{scope}[>=latex,xshift=0cm,yshift=0cm]%Fehlstellen Eckverbindungen. \draw (0,0)--(2,0)--(2,1.5)--(1.8,1.5);% (4.5,0)--(2.5,0)--(2.5,.2) (2,.8)--(2,1)--(1.8,1)(2.5,.8)--(2.5,1)--(2.6,1); \filldraw(0,0)circle(0.025cm)node [left]{$N$}; \filldraw(0,.5)circle(0.025cm)(1,.5)--(0,.5)node [left]{$L3$}; \filldraw(0,1)circle(0.025cm)(1,1)--(0,1)node [left]{$L2$}; \filldraw(0,1.5)circle(0.025cm)node at(0,1.5) [left]{$L1$}; \fill(.5,0)circle(0.025cm)(2,.5)circle(0.025cm)(2,1)circle(0.025cm); \draw [->,red] (1.25,.1)--(1,.1) node at (1.125,.1)[above]{$\uline{I}_N$}; \end{scope} \end{tikzpicture} \end{align*} \ifthenelse{\equal{\toPrint}{Lösung}}{% %\begin{align} %\intertext{Formeln:} %\end{align} Berechnung: \begin{align*} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2] \begin{scope}[>=latex,very thick,xshift=0cm,yshift=0cm] \draw[black!25!,very thin,step=.5cm](-1,-1)grid(1,1); \draw[->]++(-180:1cm)--++(30:1.732cm)node [above right]{$2$}; \draw[->]++(-180:1cm) ++(30:1.732cm)-- ++(270:1.732cm)node [below]{$3$}; \draw[->]++(-180:1cm) ++(330:1.732cm)--(-180:1cm)node [left]{$1$}; \draw[->](-180:1cm)--(0,0)node [right]{$N$}; \draw[->](60:1cm)--(0,0); \draw[->](300:1cm)--(0,0); \draw[blue] node at(-.35,.6){$\uline{U}_{12}$}; \draw[blue] node at(-.35,-.6){$\uline{U}_{31}$}; \draw[blue] node at(.75,0){$\uline{U}_{23}$}; \draw[blue] node at(-.35,.15){$\uline{U}_{1}$}; \draw[blue] node at(.35,.25){$\uline{U}_{2}$}; \draw[blue] node at(.35,-.25){$\uline{U}_{3}$}; \end{scope} \end{tikzpicture} \end{align*} %\clearpage \enlargethispage{2\baselineskip} \begin{align*} \uline{I}_N&=\uline{I}_1+\uline{I}_2+\uline{I}_3\qquad \text{(Um Ströme zu berechnen, Spannungen ermitteln)}\\ \uline{U}_1&=\frac{\uline{U}_{12}}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{400\,\volt}{\sqrt{3}}=230{,}9\,\volt\cdot e^{j0\,\degree}\\ \uline{U}_2&=230{,}9\,\volt\cdot e^{-j120\,\degree}\\ \uline{U}_3&=230{,}9\,\volt\cdot e^{+j120\,\degree}\\ P_{Anzeige}&=I_1\cdot U_1\cdot \cos(\varphi_1)\qquad\text{ mit }\varphi_1=0\text{, da }\uline{Z}_1=R_1\\ I_1&=\frac{P_{Anzeige}}{U_1}=\frac{1323\,\watt}{230{,}9\,\volt}=5{,}73\,\ampere \qquad\Rightarrow\uline{I}_1=(5{,}73+j0)\,\ampere\\[.5\baselineskip] \uline{I}_2&=\frac{\uline{U}_2}{\uline{Z}_2}=\frac{230{,}9\,\volt\cdot e^{-j120\,\degree}}{(50+j30)\,\ohm}=\frac{230{,}9\,\volt\cdot e^{-j120\,\degree}}{58{,}31\,\ohm\cdot e^{j30{,}96\,\degree}}=3{,}96\,\ampere\cdot e^{-j150{,}96\,\degree}=(-3{,}463-j1{,}923)\,\ampere\\ \uline{I}_3&=\frac{\uline{U}_3}{\uline{Z}_3}=\frac{230{,}9\,\volt\cdot e^{j120\,\degree}}{25\,\ohm\cdot e^{j90\,\degree}}=9{,}24\,\ampere\cdot e^{j30\,\degree}=(8+j4{,}62)\,\ampere\\[.5\baselineskip] \uline{I}_N&=\uline{I}_1+\uline{I}_2+\uline{I}_3=(10{,}3+j2{,}7)\,\ampere=\uuline{10{,}6\,\ampere\cdot e^{j14{,}7\,\degree}} \end{align*} \clearpage }{}%