merge upstream

praktika/05_avl_baum/gv_avl_tree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from utils.memory_array import MemoryArray
+from vorlesung.L05_binaere_baeume.avl_tree import AVLTree
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    a = MemoryArray.create_array_from_file("data/seq0.txt")
+    tree = AVLTree()
+
+    for cell in a:
+        tree.insert(int(cell))
+
+    tree.graph_traversal()
+

praktika/05_avl_baum/gv_binary_tree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from utils.memory_array import MemoryArray
+from vorlesung.L05_binaere_baeume.bin_tree import BinaryTree
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    a = MemoryArray.create_array_from_file("data/seq0.txt")
+    tree = BinaryTree()
+
+    for cell in a:
+        tree.insert(int(cell))
+
+    tree.graph_traversal()
+

requirements.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 matplotlib
 numpy
 pygame
+graphviz

vorlesung/L05_binaere_baeume/analyze_avl_tree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from utils.memory_manager import MemoryManager
+from utils.memory_array import MemoryArray
+from utils.literal import Literal
+from vorlesung.L05_binaere_baeume.avl_tree import AVLTree
+
+def analyze_complexity(sizes):
+    """
+    Analysiert die Komplexität
+
+    :param sizes: Eine Liste von Eingabegrößen für die Analyse.
+    """
+    for size in sizes:
+        MemoryManager.purge()  # Speicher zurücksetzen
+        tree = AVLTree()
+        random_array = MemoryArray.create_random_array(size, -100, 100)
+        for i in range(size-1):
+            tree.insert(int(random_array[Literal(i)]))
+        MemoryManager.reset()
+        tree.insert(int(random_array[Literal(size-1)]))
+        MemoryManager.save_stats(size)
+
+    MemoryManager.plot_stats(["cells", "compares"])
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sizes = range(1, 1001, 2)
+    analyze_complexity(sizes)

vorlesung/L05_binaere_baeume/avl_tree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from utils.memory_array import MemoryArray
+from vorlesung.L05_binaere_baeume.avl_tree_node import AVLTreeNode
+from vorlesung.L05_binaere_baeume.bin_tree import BinaryTree
+import logging
+
+class AVLTree(BinaryTree):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def new_node(self, value):
+        return AVLTreeNode(value)
+
+
+    def balance(self, node: AVLTreeNode):
+        node.update_balance()
+        if node.balance == -2:
+            if node.left.balance <= 0:
+                node = node.right_rotate()
+            else:
+                node = node.left_right_rotate()
+        elif node.balance == 2:
+            if node.right.balance >= 0:
+                node = node.left_rotate()
+            else:
+                node = node.right_left_rotate()
+        if node.parent:
+            self.balance(node.parent)
+        else:
+            self.root = node
+
+    def insert(self, value):
+        insert_generator = self.insert_stepwise(value)
+        node, parent = None, None
+        while True:
+            try:
+                node, parent = next(insert_generator)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+        return node, parent
+
+    def insert_stepwise(self, value):
+        node, parent = super().insert(value)
+        yield None, None
+        node.parent = parent
+        if parent:
+            self.balance(parent)
+        return node, parent
+
+
+    def delete(self, value):
+        node, parent = super().delete(value)
+        if node:
+            node.parent = parent
+        if parent:
+            self.balance(parent)
+
+    def graph_filename(self):
+        return "AVLTree"
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    def print_node(node, indent=0, level=0):
+        print((indent * 3) * " ", node.value)
+
+    tree = AVLTree()
+    #values = [5, 3, 7, 2, 4, 6, 5, 8]
+    values = MemoryArray.create_array_from_file("data/seq2.txt")
+
+    for value in values:
+        tree.insert(value)
+
+
+    print("In-order traversal:")
+    tree.in_order_traversal(print_node)
+    print("\nLevel-order traversal:")
+    tree.level_order_traversal(print_node)
+    print("\nTree structure traversal:")
+    tree.tree_structure_traversal(print_node)
+    print("\nGraph traversal:")
+    tree.graph_traversal()
+
+    tree.insert(9)
+    tree.graph_traversal()
+
+    print("\nDeleting 5:")
+    tree.delete(5)
+
+    print("In-order traversal after deletion:")
+    tree.in_order_traversal(print_node)
+    print("\nLevel-order traversal after deletion:")
+    tree.level_order_traversal(print_node)
+    print("\nTree structure traversal after deletion:")
+    tree.tree_structure_traversal(print_node)

vorlesung/L05_binaere_baeume/avl_tree_game.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import random
+import pygame
+from utils.game import Game
+from avl_tree import AVLTree
+
+WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
+BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
+BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
+WIDTH = 800
+HEIGHT = 400
+MARGIN = 20
+
+class AVLTreeGame(Game):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("AVLTree Game", fps=10, size=(WIDTH, HEIGHT))
+        random.seed()
+        self.z = list(range(1, 501))
+        random.shuffle(self.z)
+        self.finished = False
+        self.tree = AVLTree()
+        self.tree.get_height = lambda node: 0 if node is None else 1 + max(self.tree.get_height(node.left), self.tree.get_height(node.right))
+        self.height = self.tree.get_height(self.tree.root)
+        self.generator = None
+
+    def update_game(self):
+        if not self.finished:
+            if self.generator is None:
+                self.generator = self.tree.insert_stepwise(self.z.pop())
+            try:
+                next(self.generator)
+            except StopIteration:
+                self.generator = None
+            if self.generator is None and len(self.z) == 0:
+                self.finished = True
+            self.height = self.tree.get_height(self.tree.root)
+        return True
+
+    def draw_game(self):
+        self.screen.fill(WHITE)
+        if self.height > 0:
+            self.draw_tree(self.tree.root, WIDTH // 2, MARGIN, WIDTH // 4 - MARGIN)
+        super().draw_game()
+
+    def draw_tree(self, node, x, y, x_offset):
+        y_offset = (HEIGHT - (2 * MARGIN)) / self.height
+        if node is not None:
+            pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, BLUE, (x, y), 2)
+            if node.left is not None:
+                pygame.draw.line(self.screen, BLACK, (x, y), (x - x_offset, y + y_offset))
+                self.draw_tree(node.left, x - x_offset, y + y_offset, x_offset // 2)
+            if node.right is not None:
+                pygame.draw.line(self.screen, BLACK, (x, y), (x + x_offset, y + y_offset))
+                self.draw_tree(node.right, x + x_offset, y + y_offset, x_offset // 2)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    tree_game = AVLTreeGame()
+    tree_game.run()
+

vorlesung/L05_binaere_baeume/avl_tree_node.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from vorlesung.L05_binaere_baeume.bin_tree_node import BinaryTreeNode
+
+class AVLTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode):
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        super().__init__(value)
+        self.parent = None
+        self.balance = 0
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"TreeNode(id={id(self)} value={self.value}, left={self.left}, right={self.right})"
+
+    def graphviz_rep(self, row, col, dot):
+        dot.node(str(id(self)), label=str(self.value), pos=f"{col},{-row}!", xlabel=str(self.balance))
+
+    def update_balance(self):
+        left_height = self.left.height() if self.left else 0
+        right_height = self.right.height() if self.right else 0
+        self.balance = right_height - left_height
+
+    def right_rotate(self):
+        new_root = self.left
+        new_root.parent = self.parent
+        self.left = new_root.right
+        if self.left:
+            self.left.parent = self
+        new_root.right = self
+        self.parent = new_root
+        if new_root.parent:
+            if new_root.parent.left is self:
+                new_root.parent.left = new_root
+            else:
+                new_root.parent.right = new_root
+        self.update_balance()
+        new_root.update_balance()
+        return new_root
+
+    def left_rotate(self):
+        new_root = self.right
+        new_root.parent = self.parent
+        self.right = new_root.left
+        if self.right:
+            self.right.parent = self
+        new_root.left = self
+        self.parent = new_root
+        if new_root.parent:
+            if new_root.parent.left is self:
+                new_root.parent.left = new_root
+            else:
+                new_root.parent.right = new_root
+        self.update_balance()
+        new_root.update_balance()
+        return new_root
+
+    def right_left_rotate(self):
+        self.right = self.right.right_rotate()
+        return self.left_rotate()
+
+    def left_right_rotate(self):
+        self.left = self.left.left_rotate()
+        return self.right_rotate()
+

vorlesung/L05_binaere_baeume/bin_tree.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from utils.memory_manager import MemoryManager
 from utils.memory_array import MemoryArray
 from utils.project_dir import get_path
 from datetime import datetime
+import graphviz
 
 
 class BinaryTree:
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ class BinaryTree:
                 break
         else:
             # Wert nicht gefunden
-            return
+            return None, None
         return self.delete_node(current, parent)
 
     def delete_node(self, current, parent):
@@ -144,37 +145,35 @@ class BinaryTree:
         line = 0
         tree_structure_traversal_recursive(callback, self.root, 0)
 
+    def graph_filename(self):
+        return "BinaryTree"
 
     def graph_traversal(self):
-
         def define_node(node, level, line):
-            nonlocal file
+            nonlocal dot
             if node is not None:
-                file.write(node.gv_rep(level, line))
+                node.graphviz_rep(level, line, dot)
 
         def graph_traversal_recursive(current):
-            nonlocal file
+            nonlocal dot
             if current is not None:
                 if current.left:
-                    file.write(f"{id(current)} -> {id(current.left)}; \n")
+                    dot.edge(str(id(current)), str(id(current.left)))
                     graph_traversal_recursive(current.left)
                 if current.right:
-                    file.write(f"{id(current)} -> {id(current.right)}; \n")
+                    dot.edge(str(id(current)), str(id(current.right)))
                     graph_traversal_recursive(current.right)
 
-        timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S")
+        dot = graphviz.Digraph( name="BinaryTree",
-        filename = f"graph_{timestamp}.gv"
+                                engine="neato",
+                                node_attr={"shape": "circle", "fontname": "Arial"},
+                                format="pdf" )
+        self.tree_structure_traversal(define_node)
+        graph_traversal_recursive(self.root)
+        timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+        filename = f"{self.graph_filename()}_{timestamp}.gv"
         filename = get_path(filename)
-        with open(filename, "w") as file:
+        dot.render(filename)
-            file.write("digraph BST {\n")
-            file.write("layout=neato;\n")
-            file.write("node [shape=circle, fontname=\"Arial\"];\n")
-            self.tree_structure_traversal(define_node)
-            graph_traversal_recursive(self.root)
-            file.write("}")
-
-
-
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     tree = BinaryTree()

vorlesung/L05_binaere_baeume/bin_tree_game.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import random
+import pygame
+from utils.game import Game
+from bin_tree import BinaryTree
+
+WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
+BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
+BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
+WIDTH = 800
+HEIGHT = 400
+MARGIN = 20
+
+class BinTreeGame(Game):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("BinTree Game", fps=10, size=(WIDTH, HEIGHT))
+        random.seed()
+        self.z = list(range(1, 101))
+        random.shuffle(self.z)
+        self.finished = False
+        self.tree = BinaryTree()
+        self.tree.get_height = lambda node: 0 if node is None else 1 + max(self.tree.get_height(node.left), self.tree.get_height(node.right))
+        self.height = self.tree.get_height(self.tree.root)
+
+    def update_game(self):
+        if not self.finished:
+            i = self.z.pop()
+            self.tree.insert(i)
+            self.height = self.tree.get_height(self.tree.root)
+            if len(self.z) == 0:
+                self.finished = True
+        return True
+
+    def draw_game(self):
+        self.screen.fill(WHITE)
+        if self.height > 0:
+            self.draw_tree(self.tree.root, WIDTH // 2, MARGIN, WIDTH // 4 - MARGIN)
+        super().draw_game()
+
+    def draw_tree(self, node, x, y, x_offset):
+        y_offset = (HEIGHT - (2 * MARGIN)) / self.height
+        if node is not None:
+            pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, BLUE, (x, y), 2)
+            if node.left is not None:
+                pygame.draw.line(self.screen, BLACK, (x, y), (x - x_offset, y + y_offset))
+                self.draw_tree(node.left, x - x_offset, y + y_offset, x_offset // 2)
+            if node.right is not None:
+                pygame.draw.line(self.screen, BLACK, (x, y), (x + x_offset, y + y_offset))
+                self.draw_tree(node.right, x + x_offset, y + y_offset, x_offset // 2)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    tree_game = BinTreeGame()
+    tree_game.run()
+

vorlesung/L05_binaere_baeume/bin_tree_node.py

@@ -18,7 +18,5 @@ class BinaryTreeNode(MemoryCell):
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self.value)
 
-    def gv_rep(self, row, col):
+    def graphviz_rep(self, row, col, dot):
-        """Returns the graphviz representation of the node."""
+        dot.node(str(id(self)), label=str(self.value), pos=f"{col},{-row}!")
-        return f"{id(self)} [label=\"{self.value}\", pos=\"{col},{-row}!\"];\n"
-

vorlesung/L06_b_baeume/analyze_b_tree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from utils.memory_manager import MemoryManager
+from utils.memory_array import MemoryArray
+from utils.literal import Literal
+from b_tree import BTree
+from b_tree_node import BTreeNode
+
+class MemoryManagerBTree(MemoryManager):
+    """
+    Diese Klasse erweitert den MemoryManager, um spezifische Statistiken für B-Bäume zu speichern.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def count_loads():
+        return sum([cell.loaded_count for cell in MemoryManager().cells if isinstance(cell, BTreeNode)])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def count_saves():
+        return sum([cell.saved_count for cell in MemoryManager().cells if isinstance(cell, BTreeNode)])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def save_stats(count):
+        data = {    "cells": MemoryManager.count_cells(),
+                    "reads": MemoryManager.count_reads(),
+                    "writes": MemoryManager.count_writes(),
+                    "compares": MemoryManager.count_compares(),
+                    "adds": MemoryManager.count_adds(),
+                    "subs": MemoryManager.count_subs(),
+                    "muls": MemoryManager.count_muls(),
+                    "divs": MemoryManager.count_divs(),
+                    "bitops": MemoryManager.count_bitops(),
+                    "loads": MemoryManagerBTree.count_loads(),
+                    "saves": MemoryManagerBTree.count_saves()  }
+        MemoryManager.stats[count] = data
+
+
+
+
+def analyze_complexity(sizes):
+    """
+    Analysiert die Komplexität
+
+    :param sizes: Eine Liste von Eingabegrößen für die Analyse.
+    """
+    for size in sizes:
+        MemoryManager.purge()  # Speicher zurücksetzen
+        tree = BTree(5)
+        random_array = MemoryArray.create_random_array(size, -100, 100)
+        for i in range(size-1):
+            tree.insert(int(random_array[Literal(i)]))
+        MemoryManager.reset()
+        tree.insert(int(random_array[Literal(size-1)]))
+        MemoryManagerBTree.save_stats(size)
+
+    MemoryManager.plot_stats(["cells", "compares", "loads", "saves"])
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sizes = range(1, 1001, 2)
+    analyze_complexity(sizes)

vorlesung/L06_b_baeume/b_tree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+from utils.literal import Literal
+from utils.memory_cell import MemoryCell
+from utils.memory_array import MemoryArray
+from b_tree_node import BTreeNode
+
+class BTree:
+    def __init__(self, m: int):
+        self.m = m
+        self.root = BTreeNode(m)
+
+    def search(self, value, start: BTreeNode = None) -> BTreeNode | None:
+        if not start:
+            start = self.root
+        start.load()
+        i = 0
+        if not isinstance(value, MemoryCell):
+            value = MemoryCell(value)
+        while i < start.n and value > start.value[Literal(i)]:
+            i += 1
+        if i < start.n and value == start.value[Literal(i)]:
+            return start
+        if start.leaf:
+            return None
+        return self.search(value, start.children[i])
+
+    def split_child(self, parent: BTreeNode, i: int):
+        child = parent.children[i]
+        child.load()
+        h = BTreeNode(self.m)
+        h.leaf = child.leaf
+        h.n = self.m - 1
+        for j in range(self.m - 1):
+            h.value[Literal(j)] = child.value[Literal(j + self.m)]
+        if not h.leaf:
+            for j in range(self.m):
+                h.children[j] = child.children[j + self.m]
+            for j in range(self.m, child.n + 1):
+                child.children[j] = None
+        child.n = self.m - 1
+        child.save()
+        h.save()
+        for j in range(parent.n, i, -1):
+            parent.children[j + 1] = parent.children[j]
+            parent.value[Literal(j)] = parent.value[Literal(j - 1)]
+        parent.children[i + 1] = h
+        parent.value[Literal(i)] = child.value[Literal(self.m - 1)]
+        parent.n += 1
+        parent.save()
+
+    def insert(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, MemoryCell):
+            value = MemoryCell(value)
+        r = self.root
+        if r.n == 2 * self.m - 1:
+            h = BTreeNode(self.m)
+            self.root = h
+            h.leaf = False
+            h.n = 0
+            h.children[0] = r
+            self.split_child(h, 0)
+            self.insert_in_node(h, value)
+        else:
+            self.insert_in_node(r, value)
+
+    def insert_in_node(self, start: BTreeNode, value):
+        start.load()
+        i = start.n
+        if start.leaf:
+            while i >= 1 and value < start.value[Literal(i-1)]:
+                start.value[Literal(i)] = start.value[Literal(i-1)]
+                i -= 1
+            start.value[Literal(i)].set(value)
+            start.n += 1
+            start.save()
+        else:
+            j = 0
+            while j < start.n and value > start.value[Literal(j)]:
+                j += 1
+            if start.children[j].n == 2 * self.m - 1:
+                self.split_child(start, j)
+                if value > start.value[Literal(j)]:
+                    j += 1
+            self.insert_in_node(start.children[j], value)
+
+    def traversal(self, callback):
+        def traversal_recursive(node, callback):
+            i = 0
+            while i < node.n:
+                if not node.leaf:
+                    traversal_recursive(node.children[i], callback)
+                callback(node.value[Literal(i)])
+                i += 1
+            if not node.leaf:
+                traversal_recursive(node.children[i], callback)
+
+        traversal_recursive(self.root, callback)
+
+    def walk(self):
+        def print_key(key):
+            print(key, end=" ")
+
+        self.traversal(print_key)
+
+    def height(self, start: BTreeNode = None):
+        if not start:
+            start = self.root
+        if start.leaf:
+            return 0
+        return 1 + self.height(start.children[0])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    a = MemoryArray.create_array_from_file("data/seq3.txt")
+    tree = BTree(3)
+    for cell in a:
+        tree.insert(cell)
+    print(f"Height: {tree.height()}")
+    tree.walk()
+    s = tree.search(0)
+    print(f"\nKnoten mit 0: {str(s)}")

vorlesung/L06_b_baeume/b_tree_node.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from utils.literal import Literal
+from utils.memory_cell import MemoryCell
+from utils.memory_array import MemoryArray
+
+class BTreeNode(MemoryCell):
+
+    def __init__(self, m: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.m = m
+        self.n = 0
+        self.leaf = True
+        self.value = MemoryArray(Literal(2 * m - 1))
+        self.children = [None] * (2 * m)
+        self.loaded_count = 0
+        self.saved_count = 0
+
+    def reset_counters(self):
+        super().reset_counters()
+        self.loaded_count = 0
+        self.saved_count = 0
+
+    def load(self):
+        self.loaded_count += 1
+
+    def save(self):
+        self.saved_count += 1
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "(" + " ".join([str(self.value[Literal(i)]) for i in range(self.n)]) + ")"