app/build.gradle

@@ -37,14 +37,6 @@ dependencies {
     androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
     androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
 
-
-    // OpenCV (from: https://github.com/QuickBirdEng/opencv-android)
-    def opencv_version = "4.5.3.0"
-    implementation "com.quickbirdstudios:opencv:${opencv_version}"
-
-    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.0.0"
-
-
     // Required for CameraX
     def camerax_version = "1.2.2"
     implementation "androidx.camera:camera-core:${camerax_version}"

app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
     <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
 
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@
                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
             </intent-filter>
         </activity>
-    <service android:name=".Detection.DetectorService"/>
     </application>
 
 </manifest>

app/src/main/java/com/example/ueberwachungssystem/Detection/AudioRecorder.java

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-package com.example.ueberwachungssystem.Detection;
-
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.media.MediaPlayer;
-import android.media.MediaRecorder;
-import android.widget.Toast;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
-import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
-
-public class AudioRecorder {
-    private final Context context;
-    private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder = null;
-    private boolean isRecording = false;
-    private File outputDir;      // Default: in app files directory
-
-
-    public AudioRecorder (Context context) {
-        this.context = context;
-        this.outputDir = context.getFilesDir();
-    }
-
-    public void startRecording() {
-        // Handle logic
-        if (outputDir == null)
-            return;
-        if (isRecording)
-            return;
-        isRecording = true;
-
-        // Setup Audio Recorder for output Format: 3GP
-        mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
-        mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
-        mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);
-        mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(outputDir + "/" + generateFileName() + ".3gp");
-        mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);
-        try {
-            mediaRecorder.prepare();
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
-        }
-        mediaRecorder.start();
-    }
-
-    public void stopRecording() {
-        if (mediaRecorder != null) {
-            mediaRecorder.stop();
-            mediaRecorder.reset();
-            mediaRecorder.release();
-            mediaRecorder = null;
-            isRecording = false;
-            Toast.makeText(context, "audio recording saved", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public boolean isRecording(){
-        return isRecording;
-    }
-
-    public void setOutputDir(File outputDir) {
-        this.outputDir = outputDir;
-    }
-
-    private String generateFileName(){
-        // Get the current timestamp
-        LocalDateTime currentTime = LocalDateTime.now();
-        // Define the format for the timestamp
-        DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss");
-        // Return the timestamp as a string
-        return currentTime.format(formatter);
-    }
-}

app/src/main/java/com/example/ueberwachungssystem/Detection/DetectionReport.java

@@ -9,26 +9,24 @@ public class DetectionReport {
     public String timeStamp;
     public String detectionType;
     public float detectedValue;
-    public boolean detectionState;
+    public String detectorID;
 
-    public DetectionReport(boolean detectionState, String detectionType, float detectedAmplitude) {
+    public DetectionReport(String detectorID, String detectionType, float detectedAmplitude) {
         this.timeStamp = String.valueOf(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());
         this.detectionType = detectionType;
         this.detectedValue = detectedAmplitude;
-        this.detectionState = detectionState;
+        this.detectorID = detectorID;
-
-        //this.detectorID = detectorID;
     }
 
 
     /** Get Detection Report in String format */
     public String toString() {
-        String state = "State: " + "[" + this.detectionState + "]";
         String time = "Time: " + "[" + this.timeStamp + "]";
         String type = "Type: " + "[" + this.detectionType + "]";
         String value = "Value: " + "[" + this.detectedValue + "]";
+        String id = "ID: " + "[" + this.detectorID + "]";
 
-        return String.join("\t", state, time, type, value);
+        return String.join("\t", time, type, value, id);
     }
 
     /** Debug Report */

app/src/main/java/com/example/ueberwachungssystem/Detection/Detector.java

@@ -1,19 +1,10 @@
 package com.example.ueberwachungssystem.Detection;
 
-import android.os.CountDownTimer;
-
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
-import androidx.camera.core.ExperimentalGetImage;
 
 
 abstract public class Detector {
     private OnDetectionListener listener;
-    private boolean isDetecting = false;
-    private boolean extendViolation = false;
-
-    // Countdown parameters
-    private final int COUNTDOWN_TIME = 10000;          // milliseconds
-    private final int COUNTDOWN_POLLING_TIME = 100;   // milliseconds
 
     /** Constructor - takes context of current activity */
     public Detector() {}
@@ -27,46 +18,17 @@ abstract public class Detector {
         this.listener = listener;
     }
 
+
     /** Triggers onDetectionListener - call this to trigger violation/alarm */
-    public void reportViolation(String detectionType, float amplitude) {
+    public void reportViolation(String detectorID, String detectionType, float amplitude) {
         if (listener != null) {
-            if (!isDetecting) {
+            DetectionReport detectionReport = new DetectionReport(detectorID, detectionType, amplitude);
-                isDetecting = true;
+            listener.onDetection(detectionReport);
-                DetectionReport detectionReport = new DetectionReport(true, detectionType, amplitude);
-                listener.onDetection(detectionReport);
-                startDetectionTimer(detectionType, amplitude);
-            } else {
-                extendViolation = true;
-            }
         } else {
-            isDetecting = false;
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No listener set for violation reporting");
-            extendViolation = false;
         }
     }
 
-    private void startDetectionTimer(String detectionType, float amplitude) {
-        isDetecting = true;
-        new CountDownTimer((long) COUNTDOWN_TIME, COUNTDOWN_POLLING_TIME) {
-            @Override
-            public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
-                if (extendViolation) {
-                    extendViolation = false;
-                    startDetectionTimer(detectionType, amplitude);
-                    this.cancel();
-                }
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onFinish() {
-                isDetecting = false;
-                DetectionReport detectionReport = new DetectionReport(false, detectionType, amplitude);
-                listener.onDetection(detectionReport);
-            }
-        }.start();
-    }
-
-    public void extendViolation(){
-        this.extendViolation = true;
-    }
 
     /** Starts Detection (abstract method: needs to be overridden in child class) */
     public abstract void startDetection();

app/src/main/java/com/example/ueberwachungssystem/Detection/DetectorService.java

@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-package com.example.ueberwachungssystem.Detection;
-
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.os.Binder;
-import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.widget.ImageView;
-
-import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-import androidx.camera.core.ExperimentalGetImage;
-import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleService;
-
-import java.io.File;
-
-@ExperimentalGetImage
-public class DetectorService extends LifecycleService {
-    public ServiceBinder serviceBinder = new ServiceBinder();
-    private DetectorService.OnDetectionListener listener;
-    private boolean isServiceRunning = false;
-
-    VideoDetector videoDetector = null;
-    AudioRecorder audioRecorder = null;
-
-
-    @Override
-    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
-        if (isServiceRunning)
-            return START_NOT_STICKY;
-
-
-        // Setup Service classes:
-        videoDetector = new VideoDetector(this);
-        videoDetector.setOnDetectionListener(new Detector.OnDetectionListener() {
-            @Override
-            public void onDetection(@NonNull DetectionReport detectionReport) {
-                passToServiceListener(detectionReport);
-            }
-        });
-
-        audioRecorder = new AudioRecorder(this);
-
-
-
-        isServiceRunning = true;
-        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onDestroy() {
-        super.onDestroy();
-        isServiceRunning = false;
-    }
-
-    /** Service methods */
-    public class ServiceBinder extends Binder {
-        public DetectorService getBoundService() {
-            // Return an instance of the TestService
-            return DetectorService.this;
-        }
-    }
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
-        super.onBind(intent);
-        return serviceBinder;
-    }
-
-
-    /** Video Detection */
-    public void startVideoDetection() {
-        if(videoDetector != null)
-            videoDetector.startDetection();
-    }
-    public void stopVideoDetection() {
-        if(videoDetector != null)
-            videoDetector.stopDetection();
-    }
-    public boolean isVideoDetectionRunning() {
-        if(videoDetector != null)
-           return videoDetector.isDetecting();
-        return false;
-    }
-    public void debugVideoProcessing(ImageView input, ImageView output) {
-        if(videoDetector != null)
-            videoDetector.debugProcessing(input, output);
-    }
-
-    /** Audio Detection */
-    public void startAudioDetection() {
-
-    }
-    public void stopAudioDetection() {
-
-    }
-
-    /** Motion Detection */
-    public void startMotionDetection() {
-
-    }
-    public void stopMotionDetection() {
-
-    }
-
-    /** Video Recording */
-    public void startVideoRecording() {
-        if(videoDetector != null)
-            videoDetector.startRecording();
-    }
-    public void stopVideoRecording() {
-        if(videoDetector != null)
-            videoDetector.stopRecording();
-    }
-    public boolean isVideoRecordingRunning() {
-        if(videoDetector != null)
-            return videoDetector.isRecording();
-        return false;
-    }
-    public void setVideoRecordingDir(File outputDir) {
-        if (videoDetector != null)
-            videoDetector.setOutputDir(outputDir);
-    }
-
-    /** Audio Recording */
-    public void startAudioRecording() {
-        if(audioRecorder != null)
-            audioRecorder.startRecording();
-    }
-    public void stopAudioRecording() {
-        if(audioRecorder != null)
-            audioRecorder.stopRecording();
-    }
-    public boolean isAudioRecordingRunning() {
-        if(videoDetector != null)
-            return audioRecorder.isRecording();
-        return false;
-    }
-    public void setAudioRecordingDir(File outputDir) {
-        if (audioRecorder != null)
-            audioRecorder.setOutputDir(outputDir);
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /** pass Detection Report to Service Detection Listener and trigger it */
-    public void passToServiceListener(DetectionReport detectionReport) {
-        if (listener != null) {
-            listener.onDetection(detectionReport);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /** On Detection Listener - runs when violation is reported */
-    public interface OnDetectionListener {
-        void onDetection(@NonNull DetectionReport detectionReport);
-    }
-    public void setOnDetectionListener(@NonNull DetectorService.OnDetectionListener listener) {
-        this.listener = listener;
-    }
-}

app/src/main/java/com/example/ueberwachungssystem/Detection/OpenCVHelper.java

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-package com.example.ueberwachungssystem.Detection;
-
-import android.graphics.Bitmap;
-import android.media.Image;
-import android.widget.ImageView;
-
-import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
-import androidx.camera.core.ExperimentalGetImage;
-import androidx.camera.core.ImageProxy;
-
-import org.opencv.android.Utils;
-import org.opencv.core.Core;
-import org.opencv.core.CvType;
-import org.opencv.core.Mat;
-import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
-import org.opencv.core.Scalar;
-import org.opencv.core.Size;
-import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-
-
-@ExperimentalGetImage
-public class OpenCVHelper {
-
-    /** OpenCV helper methods **/
-    public static Mat addGaussianBlur(Mat inputMat, Size kernelSize){
-        Mat outputMat = new Mat();
-        Imgproc.GaussianBlur(inputMat, outputMat, kernelSize, 0);
-        return outputMat;
-    }
-
-    public static Mat addBlur(Mat inputMat, Size kernelSize){
-        Mat outputMat = new Mat();
-        Imgproc.blur(inputMat, outputMat, kernelSize);
-        return outputMat;
-    }
-
-    public static Mat extractYChannel(@NonNull ImageProxy imgProxy) {
-        Image img = imgProxy.getImage();
-
-        assert img != null;
-        ByteBuffer yBuffer = img.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer();
-        byte[] yData = new byte[yBuffer.remaining()];
-        yBuffer.get(yData);
-
-        Mat yMat = new Mat(img.getHeight(), img.getWidth(), CvType.CV_8UC1);
-        yMat.put(0, 0, yData);
-
-        return yMat;
-    }
-
-    public static Mat thresholdPixels(Mat inputMat, Mat previousImage, int threshold){
-        Mat diffImage = new Mat();
-        Core.absdiff(inputMat, previousImage, diffImage);
-        Mat binaryMat = new Mat();
-        Imgproc.threshold(diffImage, binaryMat, threshold, 255, Imgproc.THRESH_BINARY);
-        return binaryMat;
-    }
-
-
-    public static Mat thresholdContourArea(Mat inputMat, float areaThreshold){
-        List<MatOfPoint> contours = new ArrayList<>();
-        Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
-        Imgproc.findContours(inputMat, contours, hierarchy, Imgproc.RETR_EXTERNAL, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
-
-        Mat outputMat = new Mat(inputMat.size(), inputMat.type(), new Scalar(0));
-        // Iterate over the contours and draw only the larger contours on the outputMat
-        for (MatOfPoint contour : contours) {
-            double contourArea = Imgproc.contourArea(contour);
-            if (contourArea > areaThreshold) {
-                Imgproc.drawContours(outputMat, Collections.singletonList(contour), 0, new Scalar(255), -1);
-            }
-        }
-        // Apply the outputMat as a mask to the dilatedImage
-        Mat maskedImage = new Mat();
-        inputMat.copyTo(maskedImage, outputMat);
-        return outputMat;
-    }
-
-    public static Mat dilateBinaryMat(Mat inputMat, Size kernelSize){
-        Mat dilatedMat = new Mat();
-        Mat kernel = Imgproc.getStructuringElement(Imgproc.MORPH_ELLIPSE, kernelSize);
-        Imgproc.dilate(inputMat, dilatedMat, kernel);
-        return dilatedMat;
-    }
-
-    public static int countNonZeroPixels(Mat inputImage) {
-        if (inputImage != null)
-            return Core.countNonZero(inputImage);
-        else
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-
-    public static void debugMat(Mat mat, ImageView imageView) {
-        if (imageView == null || mat == null)
-            return;
-
-        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(mat.cols(), mat.rows(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
-        Utils.matToBitmap(mat, bitmap);
-
-        // Display the bitmap in an ImageView
-        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
-    }
-}

app/src/main/java/com/example/ueberwachungssystem/Detection/VideoDetector.java

@@ -1,327 +1,196 @@
 package com.example.ueberwachungssystem.Detection;
 
-import android.Manifest;
-import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.graphics.ImageFormat;
 import android.media.Image;
-import android.os.CountDownTimer;
+import android.util.Size;
-import android.util.Log;
-import android.view.Display;
-import android.view.Surface;
-import android.view.WindowManager;
-import android.widget.ImageView;
-import android.widget.Toast;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.camera.core.CameraSelector;
 import androidx.camera.core.ExperimentalGetImage;
 import androidx.camera.core.ImageAnalysis;
-import androidx.camera.core.ImageProxy;
 import androidx.camera.core.Preview;
-import androidx.camera.core.VideoCapture;
 import androidx.camera.lifecycle.ProcessCameraProvider;
 import androidx.camera.view.PreviewView;
-import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
 import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner;
 
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
 
-import org.opencv.android.OpenCVLoader;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import org.opencv.core.Mat;
-import org.opencv.core.Size;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
-import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 
 
 /**
  * Video Detector inherits some methods from abstract Detector class (more info there)
+ *
+ *
  * USE FROM MAIN ACTIVITY:
+ *
  * VideoDetector vd = new VideoDetector(this);
+ * vd.setPreview(previewView);  //THIS IS OPTIONAL!
+ * vd.setOnDetectionListener(new Detector.OnDetectionListener{...});
+ * vd.startDetection();
+ * vd.stopDetection
+ *
  * */
 
 
 @ExperimentalGetImage
 public class VideoDetector extends Detector {
+
     // Calling Activity
     private final Context context;
-
     // Camera Provider
     private ProcessCameraProvider cameraProvider;
-    private ImageAnalysis imageAnalysis;
+    private Boolean isDetectionRunning = false;
-    private VideoCapture videoCapture;
+    // Preview Camera Image
-    //private Preview preview;
+    private PreviewView previewView = null;
-
+    // Detect Violation
-    // Logic
+    private static final float PIXEL_THRESHOLD = 30f;  // Luminosity (brightness channel of YUV_420_888)
-    private boolean isDetecting = false;
+    private static final float ALARM_THRESHOLD = 0.2f;   // Percent of pixels changed
-    private boolean isRecording = false;
+    private ByteBuffer previousBuffer = null;
-    private boolean allowReportViolation = false;
-
-    // Image Processing
-    private Mat previousImage = null;
-
-    // Debugging
-    private ImageView inputImageView = null;
-    private ImageView outputImageView = null;
-
-    // Recorder
-    private File outputDir;      // Default: in app files directory
-
-
-    // Parameters
-    private static final float ALARM_THRESHOLD = 0f;   // Percent of pixels changed
-    private static final float AREA_THRESHOLD = 10f;
-    private static final int DILATE_ITERATIONS = 2;
-    private static final float START_DELAY = 20000;   // milliseconds
-    private static final android.util.Size IMAGE_RES = new android.util.Size(640, 480);
 
 
 
-    /** Constructor */
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * @param context: the context of calling activity (usually "this")
+     * */
     public VideoDetector(Context context) {
         super();
         this.context = context;
-        this.imageAnalysis = setupImageAnalysis();
-        this.videoCapture = setupVideoCapture();
-        this.outputDir = context.getFilesDir();
-        //this.preview = new Preview.Builder().build();
-    }
-
-    /** Get States */
-    public boolean isDetecting() {
-        return isDetecting;
-    }
-    public boolean isRecording(){
-        return isRecording;
     }
 
 
-    /** Starts the Video Detection */
+    /**
+     *  Starts the Video Detection
+     * */
     @Override
     public void startDetection() {
-        // Check States
+        if (isDetectionRunning)
-        if (isDetecting)
             return;
-        // Configure Image Analysis
+        // Request Camera Provider
-        imageAnalysis = setupImageAnalysis();
-        // Open CV startup check
-        if (!OpenCVLoader.initDebug()) {
-            Log.e("OpenCV", "Unable to load OpenCV!");
-            return;
-        } else
-            Log.d("OpenCV", "OpenCV loaded Successfully!");
-        // Get Process Camera Provider and start
         final ListenableFuture<ProcessCameraProvider> cameraProviderFuture = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(context);
+        //Check for Camera availability
         cameraProviderFuture.addListener(() -> {
             try {
                 cameraProvider = cameraProviderFuture.get();
-                isDetecting = true;
+                bindAnalysis(cameraProvider);
-                bindCameraProvider();
+                isDetectionRunning = true;
-            } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {}
+                previousBuffer = null;
-        }, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(context));
+            } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
-        // Disable Violation Calling for Setup Time
+                // No errors need to be handled for this Future. This should never be reached.
-        startViolationTimer(START_DELAY);
+            }
+        },ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(context));
     }
 
-    /** Starts the Recorder */
-    @SuppressLint("RestrictedApi")
-    public void startRecording() {
-        // Check States
-        if (isRecording){
-            return;
-        }
 
-        videoCapture = setupVideoCapture();
+    /**
-
+     * Stops the Video Detection
-        final ListenableFuture<ProcessCameraProvider> cameraProviderFuture = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(context);
+     * */
-        cameraProviderFuture.addListener(() -> {
-            try {
-                cameraProvider = cameraProviderFuture.get();
-                isRecording = true;
-                bindCameraProvider();
-
-                File vidFile = new File(context.getFilesDir() + "/" + generateFileName() + ".mp4");
-                if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-                    return;
-                }
-                videoCapture.startRecording(
-                        new VideoCapture.OutputFileOptions.Builder(vidFile).build(),
-                        context.getMainExecutor(),
-                        new VideoCapture.OnVideoSavedCallback() {
-                            @Override
-                            public void onVideoSaved(@NonNull VideoCapture.OutputFileResults outputFileResults) {
-                                isRecording = false;
-                                Toast.makeText(context, "video recording saved", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-                            }
-                            @Override
-                            public void onError(int videoCaptureError, @NonNull String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
-                                isRecording = false;
-                                Toast.makeText(context, "video recording failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-                            }
-                        }
-                );
-            } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException ignored) {}
-        }, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(context));
-    }
-
-    /** Stops the Video Detection */
     @Override
     public void stopDetection() {
-        if (!isDetecting || imageAnalysis == null)
+        if (!isDetectionRunning)
             return;
-        cameraProvider.unbind(imageAnalysis);
-        isDetecting = false;
-        allowReportViolation = false;
-    }
-
-    /** Stops the Recording */
-    @SuppressLint("RestrictedApi")
-    public void stopRecording(){
-        if(!isRecording)
-            return;
-
-        videoCapture.stopRecording();
-        cameraProvider.unbind(videoCapture);
-        isRecording = false;
-    }
-
-    /** Bind Camera Provider */
-    private void bindCameraProvider() {
-        // Specify which Camera to use
-        CameraSelector cameraSelector = new CameraSelector.Builder().requireLensFacing(CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_BACK).build();
         cameraProvider.unbindAll();
-        cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle((LifecycleOwner) context, cameraSelector, imageAnalysis, videoCapture);
+        isDetectionRunning = false;
     }
 
-    /** Setup Use Cases */
+
-    private ImageAnalysis setupImageAnalysis() {
+    /**
+     * Set PreviewView to show video feed while detecting
+     * this is optional and does not need to be called
+     * */
+    public void setPreviewView(PreviewView previewView) {
+        this.previewView = previewView;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Binds the Luminosity Analyzer (configure and run Analysis)
+     * @param cameraProvider: CameraProvider of Context passed by Constructor
+     * */
+    private void bindAnalysis(@NonNull ProcessCameraProvider cameraProvider) {
         // Configure and create Image Analysis
         ImageAnalysis.Builder builder = new ImageAnalysis.Builder();
-        builder.setTargetResolution(IMAGE_RES);
+        builder.setTargetResolution(new Size(640, 480));
         builder.setBackpressureStrategy(ImageAnalysis.STRATEGY_KEEP_ONLY_LATEST);
         builder.setOutputImageFormat(ImageAnalysis.OUTPUT_IMAGE_FORMAT_YUV_420_888);
-        builder.setTargetRotation(Surface.ROTATION_90);
         ImageAnalysis imageAnalysis = builder.build();
+
         // Set Analyzer
         imageAnalysis.setAnalyzer(ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(context), imageProxy -> {
             if (imageProxy.getFormat() == ImageFormat.YUV_420_888) {
                 Image image = imageProxy.getImage();
                 assert image != null;
 
-                // Violation Handling
+                // Changed Pixel Detection
-                Mat processed = processImage(imageProxy);
+                int pixelChanged = getChangedPixelCount(image);
+                int width = image.getWidth();
+                int height = image.getHeight();
 
-                int n = OpenCVHelper.countNonZeroPixels(processed);
+                float percentPixelChanged = (float) 100f * pixelChanged / (width * height);
-                int pixelCount = image.getWidth() * image.getHeight();
-                float percentChanged = (float) n / pixelCount;
 
-                // Violation Condition
+                if (percentPixelChanged > ALARM_THRESHOLD)
-                if (percentChanged * 100 > ALARM_THRESHOLD) {
+                    reportViolation("0", "Video", percentPixelChanged);
-                    if (allowReportViolation)
-                        reportViolation("Video", percentChanged);
-                }
             }
             imageProxy.close();
         });
-        return imageAnalysis;
+        // Create Preview
-    }
+        Preview preview = new Preview.Builder().build();
+        // Specify which Camera to use
+        CameraSelector cameraSelector = new CameraSelector.Builder().requireLensFacing(CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_BACK).build();
+        // Update PreviewView if set
+        if (previewView != null)
+            preview.setSurfaceProvider(previewView.getSurfaceProvider());
 
-    @SuppressLint("RestrictedApi")
+        cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle((LifecycleOwner) context, cameraSelector, imageAnalysis, preview);
-    private VideoCapture setupVideoCapture() {
-        int rotation = getDisplayRotation();
-        return new VideoCapture.Builder()
-                .setTargetRotation(rotation)
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    /** Process Image to be used for Motion Detection */
-    private Mat processImage(ImageProxy imageProxy){
-        if (imageProxy == null)
-            return null;
-        // Image Transformation
-        Mat imageMat = OpenCVHelper.extractYChannel(imageProxy);
-        // Show Input Image
-        if (inputImageView != null)
-            OpenCVHelper.debugMat(imageMat, inputImageView);
-        // Preprocess Image
-        Mat preprocessed = imageMat;
-        preprocessed = OpenCVHelper.addGaussianBlur(preprocessed, new Size(21, 21));
-        preprocessed = OpenCVHelper.addBlur(preprocessed, new Size(3, 3));
-        // Set Previous Image
-        if (previousImage == null) {
-            previousImage = preprocessed;
-            return null;
-        }
-        // Process Image
-        Mat processed = preprocessed.clone();
-        processed = OpenCVHelper.thresholdPixels(processed, previousImage, 25);
-
-        for(int i = 0; i < DILATE_ITERATIONS; i++)
-            processed = OpenCVHelper.dilateBinaryMat(processed, new Size(3,3));
-
-        processed = OpenCVHelper.thresholdContourArea(processed, AREA_THRESHOLD);
-        // Output
-        previousImage = preprocessed.clone();
-        // Show Output Image
-        if (outputImageView != null)
-            OpenCVHelper.debugMat(processed, outputImageView);
-        return processed;
     }
 
 
-    /** Debug input and result of processing */
-    public void debugProcessing(@NonNull ImageView inputImageView, @NonNull ImageView outputImageView){
-        this.inputImageView = inputImageView;
-        this.outputImageView = outputImageView;
-    }
 
     /**
-    private void setPreviewView(@NonNull PreviewView previewView) {
+     * Calculate Amount of Pixels changed using a threshold
-        // Create Preview
+     * @param image
-        if (this.preview != null)
+     * */
-            this.preview.setSurfaceProvider(previewView.getSurfaceProvider());
+    private int getChangedPixelCount(Image image) {
-    }
+        Image.Plane[] planes = image.getPlanes();
-     */
+        ByteBuffer buffer = planes[0].getBuffer();
 
+        if (previousBuffer == null) {
+            previousBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(buffer.capacity());
+            buffer.rewind();
+            previousBuffer.put(buffer);
+            previousBuffer.rewind();
+            return 0;
+        }
 
-    /** Generate File Name */
+        int width = image.getWidth();
-    private String generateFileName(){
+        int height = image.getHeight();
-        // Get the current timestamp
-        LocalDateTime currentTime = LocalDateTime.now();
-        // Define the format for the timestamp
-        DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss");
-        // Return the timestamp as a string
-        return currentTime.format(formatter);
-    }
 
+        int yRowStride = image.getPlanes()[0].getRowStride();
+        int yPixelStride = image.getPlanes()[0].getPixelStride();
 
-    /** Get current Display Rotation */
+        int changedPixelCount = 0;
-    private int getDisplayRotation() {
-        WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
-        Display display = windowManager.getDefaultDisplay();
-        return display.getRotation();
-    }
 
-    /** Start delay until Violation Report is allowed */
+        // Count changed pixels
-    private void startViolationTimer(float setupTime) {
+        for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
-        new CountDownTimer((long) (START_DELAY), 100) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
-            @Override
+                int index = (y * yRowStride) + (x * yPixelStride);
-            public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
+                int luminosity = (buffer.get(index) & 0xff);
+                int previousLuminosity = (previousBuffer.get(index) & 0xff);
+                int diff = Math.abs(luminosity - previousLuminosity);
+                if (diff > PIXEL_THRESHOLD)
+                    changedPixelCount++;
             }
-            @Override
+        }
-            public void onFinish() {
-                allowReportViolation = true;
-            }
-        }.start();
-    }
 
-    public void setOutputDir(File outputDir) {
+        // Reset and copy Byte Buffer
-        this.outputDir = outputDir;
+        buffer.rewind();
+        previousBuffer.rewind();
+        previousBuffer.put(buffer);
+
+        return changedPixelCount;
     }
-}
+}

app/src/main/java/com/example/ueberwachungssystem/PermissionHandler.java

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package com.example.ueberwachungssystem;
-
-
-import android.app.Activity;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.widget.Toast;
-
-import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
-import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
-
-public class PermissionHandler {
-    private final Context context;
-    private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 23409;
-    private static final String[] permissions = new String[]{
-            android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
-            android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
-    };
-
-    public PermissionHandler(Context context) {
-        this.context = context;
-    }
-
-    public boolean hasPermissions() {
-        boolean permissionState = true;
-        for (String permission: permissions) {
-            permissionState = permissionState && ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
-        }
-        return permissionState;
-    }
-
-    public void getPermissions() {
-        if (!hasPermissions())
-            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, permissions, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
-    }
-
-    public void showPermissionToast() {
-        if (hasPermissions())
-            Toast.makeText(context, "permissions available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-        else
-            Toast.makeText(context, "permissions missing", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-    }
-}

app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml

@@ -1,41 +1,18 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
-    android:layout_gravity="center"
-    android:gravity="top"
-    android:orientation="vertical"
     tools:context=".MainActivity">
 
-
+    <TextView
-    <androidx.camera.view.PreviewView
-        android:id="@+id/previewView"
-        android:layout_width="match_parent"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:backgroundTint="@android:color/black"/>
-
-    <ToggleButton
-        android:id="@+id/toggleButton"
-        android:layout_width="match_parent"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:text="ToggleButton" />
-
-    <ImageView
-        android:id="@+id/inputImageView"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        tools:srcCompat="@tools:sample/avatars" />
+        android:text="Hello World!"
+        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
-    <ImageView
+</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
-        android:id="@+id/outputImageView"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        tools:srcCompat="@tools:sample/avatars" />
-
-    <androidx.camera.view.PreviewView
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
-
-</LinearLayout>