add new project

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="JavaScriptSettings">
+    <option name="languageLevel" value="ES6" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.7 (news1)" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
+</project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/news1.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/news1.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/news1.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="FacetManager">
+    <facet type="django" name="Django">
+      <configuration>
+        <option name="rootFolder" value="$MODULE_DIR$" />
+        <option name="settingsModule" value="news1/settings.py" />
+        <option name="manageScript" value="$MODULE_DIR$/manage.py" />
+        <option name="environment" value="&lt;map/&gt;" />
+        <option name="doNotUseTestRunner" value="false" />
+        <option name="trackFilePattern" value="migrations" />
+      </configuration>
+    </facet>
+  </component>
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/venv" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="TemplatesService">
+    <option name="TEMPLATE_CONFIGURATION" value="Django" />
+    <option name="TEMPLATE_FOLDERS">
+      <list>
+        <option value="$MODULE_DIR$/templates" />
+      </list>
+    </option>
+  </component>
+  <component name="TestRunnerService">
+    <option name="PROJECT_TEST_RUNNER" value="Unittests" />
+  </component>
+</module>

manage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def main():
+    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'news1.settings')
+    try:
+        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
+            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
+            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
+        ) from exc
+    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

news1/settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"""
+Django settings for news1 project.
+
+Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.2.7.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/settings/
+
+For the full list of settings and their values, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
+BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+
+
+# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/checklist/
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
+SECRET_KEY = 'fu&7__tw$o3#luu*(-s+kvmj^(j#wx0blo@x3_q_ea1w=pe#*7'
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
+DEBUG = True
+
+ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
+
+
+# Application definition
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    'django.contrib.admin',
+    'django.contrib.auth',
+    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
+    'django.contrib.sessions',
+    'django.contrib.messages',
+    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
+]
+
+MIDDLEWARE = [
+    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+]
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = 'news1.urls'
+
+TEMPLATES = [
+    {
+        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
+        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
+        ,
+        'APP_DIRS': True,
+        'OPTIONS': {
+            'context_processors': [
+                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
+                'django.template.context_processors.request',
+                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
+                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+WSGI_APPLICATION = 'news1.wsgi.application'
+
+
+# Database
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases
+
+DATABASES = {
+    'default': {
+        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
+        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
+    }
+}
+
+
+# Password validation
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
+
+AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
+    },
+]
+
+
+# Internationalization
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/i18n/
+
+LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+
+TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+
+USE_I18N = True
+
+USE_L10N = True
+
+USE_TZ = True
+
+
+# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/
+
+STATIC_URL = '/static/'

news1/urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""news1 URL Configuration
+
+The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
+    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/http/urls/
+Examples:
+Function views
+    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
+Class-based views
+    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
+Including another URLconf
+    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
+"""
+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.urls import path,include
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
+    path('posts/', include('posts.urls'))
+]

news1/wsgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""
+WSGI config for news1 project.
+
+It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/wsgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'news1.settings')
+
+application = get_wsgi_application()

posts/admin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from django.contrib import admin
+
+# Register your models here.

posts/apps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class PostsConfig(AppConfig):
+    name = 'posts'

posts/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from django.db import models
+
+# Create your models here.

posts/tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+# Create your tests here.

posts/urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from django.urls import path
+from . import views
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('', views.post, name='post')
+]

posts/views.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from django.shortcuts import render
+
+from django.http import HttpResponse
+
+# Create your views here.
+
+
+def post(request):
+    return HttpResponse("test")
+

venv/bin/activate

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
+# you cannot run it directly
+
+deactivate () {
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
+        PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
+        export PATH
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    fi
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+        PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
+        export PYTHONHOME
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    fi
+
+    # This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
+    # be called to get it to forget past commands.  Without forgetting
+    # past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+    if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
+        hash -r
+    fi
+
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
+        PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
+        export PS1
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
+    fi
+
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV
+    if [ ! "$1" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
+    # Self destruct!
+        unset -f deactivate
+    fi
+}
+
+# unset irrelevant variables
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+VIRTUAL_ENV="/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv"
+export VIRTUAL_ENV
+
+_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+export PATH
+
+# unset PYTHONHOME if set
+# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
+# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
+if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
+    unset PYTHONHOME
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
+    if [ "x(venv) " != x ] ; then
+	PS1="(venv) ${PS1:-}"
+    else
+    if [ "`basename \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"`" = "__" ] ; then
+        # special case for Aspen magic directories
+        # see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
+        PS1="[`basename \`dirname \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"\``] $PS1"
+    else
+        PS1="(`basename \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"`)$PS1"
+    fi
+    fi
+    export PS1
+fi
+
+# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
+# be called to get it to forget past commands.  Without forgetting
+# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
+    hash -r
+fi

venv/bin/activate.csh

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
+# You cannot run it directly.
+# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
+# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
+
+alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+setenv VIRTUAL_ENV "/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv"
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
+
+if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
+    if ("venv" != "") then
+        set env_name = "venv"
+    else
+        if (`basename "VIRTUAL_ENV"` == "__") then
+            # special case for Aspen magic directories
+            # see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
+            set env_name = `basename \`dirname "$VIRTUAL_ENV"\``
+        else
+            set env_name = `basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV"`
+        endif
+    endif
+    set prompt = "[$env_name] $prompt"
+    unset env_name
+endif
+
+alias pydoc python -m pydoc
+
+rehash

venv/bin/activate.fish

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# This file must be used with ". bin/activate.fish" *from fish* (http://fishshell.org)
+# you cannot run it directly
+
+function deactivate  -d "Exit virtualenv and return to normal shell environment"
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
+        set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    end
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
+        set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    end
+
+    if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
+        functions -e fish_prompt
+        set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
+        functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
+        functions -e _old_fish_prompt
+    end
+
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
+    if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
+        # Self destruct!
+        functions -e deactivate
+    end
+end
+
+# unset irrelevant variables
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV "/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv"
+
+set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
+set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin" $PATH
+
+# unset PYTHONHOME if set
+if set -q PYTHONHOME
+    set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
+    set -e PYTHONHOME
+end
+
+if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
+    # fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
+
+    # save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt
+    functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
+
+    # with the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
+    function fish_prompt
+        # Save the return status of the last command
+        set -l old_status $status
+
+        # Prompt override?
+        if test -n "(venv) "
+            printf "%s%s" "(venv) " (set_color normal)
+        else
+            # ...Otherwise, prepend env
+            set -l _checkbase (basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV")
+            if test $_checkbase = "__"
+                # special case for Aspen magic directories
+                # see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
+                printf "%s[%s]%s " (set_color -b blue white) (basename (dirname "$VIRTUAL_ENV")) (set_color normal)
+            else
+                printf "%s(%s)%s" (set_color -b blue white) (basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV") (set_color normal)
+            end
+        end
+
+        # Restore the return status of the previous command.
+        echo "exit $old_status" | .
+        _old_fish_prompt
+    end
+
+    set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
+end

venv/bin/django-admin

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv/bin/python
+
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+
+from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(execute_from_command_line())

venv/bin/django-admin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv/bin/python
+from django.core import management
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    management.execute_from_command_line()

venv/bin/easy_install

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv/bin/python
+# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'setuptools==39.1.0','console_scripts','easy_install'
+__requires__ = 'setuptools==39.1.0'
+import re
+import sys
+from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(
+        load_entry_point('setuptools==39.1.0', 'console_scripts', 'easy_install')()
+    )

venv/bin/easy_install-3.7

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv/bin/python
+# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'setuptools==39.1.0','console_scripts','easy_install-3.7'
+__requires__ = 'setuptools==39.1.0'
+import re
+import sys
+from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(
+        load_entry_point('setuptools==39.1.0', 'console_scripts', 'easy_install-3.7')()
+    )

venv/bin/pip

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv/bin/python
+# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'pip==10.0.1','console_scripts','pip'
+__requires__ = 'pip==10.0.1'
+import re
+import sys
+from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(
+        load_entry_point('pip==10.0.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
+    )

venv/bin/pip3

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv/bin/python
+# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'pip==10.0.1','console_scripts','pip3'
+__requires__ = 'pip==10.0.1'
+import re
+import sys
+from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(
+        load_entry_point('pip==10.0.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip3')()
+    )

venv/bin/pip3.7

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv/bin/python
+# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'pip==10.0.1','console_scripts','pip3.7'
+__requires__ = 'pip==10.0.1'
+import re
+import sys
+from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(
+        load_entry_point('pip==10.0.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip3.7')()
+    )

venv/bin/sqlformat

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/Users/tranngoctu63599/PycharmProjects/news1/venv/bin/python
+
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+
+from sqlparse.__main__ import main
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.2.7.dist-info/INSTALLER

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.2.7.dist-info/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) Django Software Foundation and individual contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+       this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    3. Neither the name of Django nor the names of its contributors may be used
+       to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+       specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.2.7.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: Django
+Version: 2.2.7
+Summary: A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
+Home-page: https://www.djangoproject.com/
+Author: Django Software Foundation
+Author-email: foundation@djangoproject.com
+License: BSD
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://docs.djangoproject.com/
+Project-URL: Funding, https://www.djangoproject.com/fundraising/
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/django/django
+Project-URL: Tracker, https://code.djangoproject.com/
+Platform: UNKNOWN
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: Django
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Requires-Python: >=3.5
+Requires-Dist: pytz
+Requires-Dist: sqlparse
+Provides-Extra: argon2
+Requires-Dist: argon2-cffi (>=16.1.0) ; extra == 'argon2'
+Provides-Extra: bcrypt
+Requires-Dist: bcrypt ; extra == 'bcrypt'
+
+Django is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development
+and clean, pragmatic design. Thanks for checking it out.
+
+All documentation is in the "``docs``" directory and online at
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/. If you're just getting started,
+here's how we recommend you read the docs:
+
+* First, read ``docs/intro/install.txt`` for instructions on installing Django.
+
+* Next, work through the tutorials in order (``docs/intro/tutorial01.txt``,
+  ``docs/intro/tutorial02.txt``, etc.).
+
+* If you want to set up an actual deployment server, read
+  ``docs/howto/deployment/index.txt`` for instructions.
+
+* You'll probably want to read through the topical guides (in ``docs/topics``)
+  next; from there you can jump to the HOWTOs (in ``docs/howto``) for specific
+  problems, and check out the reference (``docs/ref``) for gory details.
+
+* See ``docs/README`` for instructions on building an HTML version of the docs.
+
+Docs are updated rigorously. If you find any problems in the docs, or think
+they should be clarified in any way, please take 30 seconds to fill out a
+ticket here: https://code.djangoproject.com/newticket
+
+To get more help:
+
+* Join the ``#django`` channel on irc.freenode.net. Lots of helpful people hang
+  out there. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial if you're
+  new to IRC.
+
+* Join the django-users mailing list, or read the archives, at
+  https://groups.google.com/group/django-users.
+
+To contribute to Django:
+
+* Check out https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/contributing/ for
+  information about getting involved.
+
+To run Django's test suite:
+
+* Follow the instructions in the "Unit tests" section of
+  ``docs/internals/contributing/writing-code/unit-tests.txt``, published online at
+  https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/contributing/writing-code/unit-tests/#running-the-unit-tests
+
+

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.2.7.dist-info/WHEEL

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.33.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.2.7.dist-info/entry_points.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[console_scripts]
+django-admin = django.core.management:execute_from_command_line
+

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.2.7.dist-info/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+django

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from django.utils.version import get_version
+
+VERSION = (2, 2, 7, 'final', 0)
+
+__version__ = get_version(VERSION)
+
+
+def setup(set_prefix=True):
+    """
+    Configure the settings (this happens as a side effect of accessing the
+    first setting), configure logging and populate the app registry.
+    Set the thread-local urlresolvers script prefix if `set_prefix` is True.
+    """
+    from django.apps import apps
+    from django.conf import settings
+    from django.urls import set_script_prefix
+    from django.utils.log import configure_logging
+
+    configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
+    if set_prefix:
+        set_script_prefix(
+            '/' if settings.FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME is None else settings.FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME
+        )
+    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""
+Invokes django-admin when the django module is run as a script.
+
+Example: python -m django check
+"""
+from django.core import management
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    management.execute_from_command_line()

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .config import AppConfig
+from .registry import apps
+
+__all__ = ['AppConfig', 'apps']

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+import os
+from importlib import import_module
+
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.utils.module_loading import module_has_submodule
+
+MODELS_MODULE_NAME = 'models'
+
+
+class AppConfig:
+    """Class representing a Django application and its configuration."""
+
+    def __init__(self, app_name, app_module):
+        # Full Python path to the application e.g. 'django.contrib.admin'.
+        self.name = app_name
+
+        # Root module for the application e.g. <module 'django.contrib.admin'
+        # from 'django/contrib/admin/__init__.py'>.
+        self.module = app_module
+
+        # Reference to the Apps registry that holds this AppConfig. Set by the
+        # registry when it registers the AppConfig instance.
+        self.apps = None
+
+        # The following attributes could be defined at the class level in a
+        # subclass, hence the test-and-set pattern.
+
+        # Last component of the Python path to the application e.g. 'admin'.
+        # This value must be unique across a Django project.
+        if not hasattr(self, 'label'):
+            self.label = app_name.rpartition(".")[2]
+
+        # Human-readable name for the application e.g. "Admin".
+        if not hasattr(self, 'verbose_name'):
+            self.verbose_name = self.label.title()
+
+        # Filesystem path to the application directory e.g.
+        # '/path/to/django/contrib/admin'.
+        if not hasattr(self, 'path'):
+            self.path = self._path_from_module(app_module)
+
+        # Module containing models e.g. <module 'django.contrib.admin.models'
+        # from 'django/contrib/admin/models.py'>. Set by import_models().
+        # None if the application doesn't have a models module.
+        self.models_module = None
+
+        # Mapping of lowercase model names to model classes. Initially set to
+        # None to prevent accidental access before import_models() runs.
+        self.models = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.label)
+
+    def _path_from_module(self, module):
+        """Attempt to determine app's filesystem path from its module."""
+        # See #21874 for extended discussion of the behavior of this method in
+        # various cases.
+        # Convert paths to list because Python's _NamespacePath doesn't support
+        # indexing.
+        paths = list(getattr(module, '__path__', []))
+        if len(paths) != 1:
+            filename = getattr(module, '__file__', None)
+            if filename is not None:
+                paths = [os.path.dirname(filename)]
+            else:
+                # For unknown reasons, sometimes the list returned by __path__
+                # contains duplicates that must be removed (#25246).
+                paths = list(set(paths))
+        if len(paths) > 1:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "The app module %r has multiple filesystem locations (%r); "
+                "you must configure this app with an AppConfig subclass "
+                "with a 'path' class attribute." % (module, paths))
+        elif not paths:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "The app module %r has no filesystem location, "
+                "you must configure this app with an AppConfig subclass "
+                "with a 'path' class attribute." % (module,))
+        return paths[0]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(cls, entry):
+        """
+        Factory that creates an app config from an entry in INSTALLED_APPS.
+        """
+        try:
+            # If import_module succeeds, entry is a path to an app module,
+            # which may specify an app config class with default_app_config.
+            # Otherwise, entry is a path to an app config class or an error.
+            module = import_module(entry)
+
+        except ImportError:
+            # Track that importing as an app module failed. If importing as an
+            # app config class fails too, we'll trigger the ImportError again.
+            module = None
+
+            mod_path, _, cls_name = entry.rpartition('.')
+
+            # Raise the original exception when entry cannot be a path to an
+            # app config class.
+            if not mod_path:
+                raise
+
+        else:
+            try:
+                # If this works, the app module specifies an app config class.
+                entry = module.default_app_config
+            except AttributeError:
+                # Otherwise, it simply uses the default app config class.
+                return cls(entry, module)
+            else:
+                mod_path, _, cls_name = entry.rpartition('.')
+
+        # If we're reaching this point, we must attempt to load the app config
+        # class located at <mod_path>.<cls_name>
+        mod = import_module(mod_path)
+        try:
+            cls = getattr(mod, cls_name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            if module is None:
+                # If importing as an app module failed, check if the module
+                # contains any valid AppConfigs and show them as choices.
+                # Otherwise, that error probably contains the most informative
+                # traceback, so trigger it again.
+                candidates = sorted(
+                    repr(name) for name, candidate in mod.__dict__.items()
+                    if isinstance(candidate, type) and
+                    issubclass(candidate, AppConfig) and
+                    candidate is not AppConfig
+                )
+                if candidates:
+                    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                        "'%s' does not contain a class '%s'. Choices are: %s."
+                        % (mod_path, cls_name, ', '.join(candidates))
+                    )
+                import_module(entry)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        # Check for obvious errors. (This check prevents duck typing, but
+        # it could be removed if it became a problem in practice.)
+        if not issubclass(cls, AppConfig):
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "'%s' isn't a subclass of AppConfig." % entry)
+
+        # Obtain app name here rather than in AppClass.__init__ to keep
+        # all error checking for entries in INSTALLED_APPS in one place.
+        try:
+            app_name = cls.name
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "'%s' must supply a name attribute." % entry)
+
+        # Ensure app_name points to a valid module.
+        try:
+            app_module = import_module(app_name)
+        except ImportError:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "Cannot import '%s'. Check that '%s.%s.name' is correct." % (
+                    app_name, mod_path, cls_name,
+                )
+            )
+
+        # Entry is a path to an app config class.
+        return cls(app_name, app_module)
+
+    def get_model(self, model_name, require_ready=True):
+        """
+        Return the model with the given case-insensitive model_name.
+
+        Raise LookupError if no model exists with this name.
+        """
+        if require_ready:
+            self.apps.check_models_ready()
+        else:
+            self.apps.check_apps_ready()
+        try:
+            return self.models[model_name.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "App '%s' doesn't have a '%s' model." % (self.label, model_name))
+
+    def get_models(self, include_auto_created=False, include_swapped=False):
+        """
+        Return an iterable of models.
+
+        By default, the following models aren't included:
+
+        - auto-created models for many-to-many relations without
+          an explicit intermediate table,
+        - models that have been swapped out.
+
+        Set the corresponding keyword argument to True to include such models.
+        Keyword arguments aren't documented; they're a private API.
+        """
+        self.apps.check_models_ready()
+        for model in self.models.values():
+            if model._meta.auto_created and not include_auto_created:
+                continue
+            if model._meta.swapped and not include_swapped:
+                continue
+            yield model
+
+    def import_models(self):
+        # Dictionary of models for this app, primarily maintained in the
+        # 'all_models' attribute of the Apps this AppConfig is attached to.
+        self.models = self.apps.all_models[self.label]
+
+        if module_has_submodule(self.module, MODELS_MODULE_NAME):
+            models_module_name = '%s.%s' % (self.name, MODELS_MODULE_NAME)
+            self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
+
+    def ready(self):
+        """
+        Override this method in subclasses to run code when Django starts.
+        """

venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+import functools
+import sys
+import threading
+import warnings
+from collections import Counter, OrderedDict, defaultdict
+from functools import partial
+
+from django.core.exceptions import AppRegistryNotReady, ImproperlyConfigured
+
+from .config import AppConfig
+
+
+class Apps:
+    """
+    A registry that stores the configuration of installed applications.
+
+    It also keeps track of models, e.g. to provide reverse relations.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, installed_apps=()):
+        # installed_apps is set to None when creating the master registry
+        # because it cannot be populated at that point. Other registries must
+        # provide a list of installed apps and are populated immediately.
+        if installed_apps is None and hasattr(sys.modules[__name__], 'apps'):
+            raise RuntimeError("You must supply an installed_apps argument.")
+
+        # Mapping of app labels => model names => model classes. Every time a
+        # model is imported, ModelBase.__new__ calls apps.register_model which
+        # creates an entry in all_models. All imported models are registered,
+        # regardless of whether they're defined in an installed application
+        # and whether the registry has been populated. Since it isn't possible
+        # to reimport a module safely (it could reexecute initialization code)
+        # all_models is never overridden or reset.
+        self.all_models = defaultdict(OrderedDict)
+
+        # Mapping of labels to AppConfig instances for installed apps.
+        self.app_configs = OrderedDict()
+
+        # Stack of app_configs. Used to store the current state in
+        # set_available_apps and set_installed_apps.
+        self.stored_app_configs = []
+
+        # Whether the registry is populated.
+        self.apps_ready = self.models_ready = self.ready = False
+        # For the autoreloader.
+        self.ready_event = threading.Event()
+
+        # Lock for thread-safe population.
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        self.loading = False
+
+        # Maps ("app_label", "modelname") tuples to lists of functions to be
+        # called when the corresponding model is ready. Used by this class's
+        # `lazy_model_operation()` and `do_pending_operations()` methods.
+        self._pending_operations = defaultdict(list)
+
+        # Populate apps and models, unless it's the master registry.
+        if installed_apps is not None:
+            self.populate(installed_apps)
+
+    def populate(self, installed_apps=None):
+        """
+        Load application configurations and models.
+
+        Import each application module and then each model module.
+
+        It is thread-safe and idempotent, but not reentrant.
+        """
+        if self.ready:
+            return
+
+        # populate() might be called by two threads in parallel on servers
+        # that create threads before initializing the WSGI callable.
+        with self._lock:
+            if self.ready:
+                return
+
+            # An RLock prevents other threads from entering this section. The
+            # compare and set operation below is atomic.
+            if self.loading:
+                # Prevent reentrant calls to avoid running AppConfig.ready()
+                # methods twice.
+                raise RuntimeError("populate() isn't reentrant")
+            self.loading = True
+
+            # Phase 1: initialize app configs and import app modules.
+            for entry in installed_apps:
+                if isinstance(entry, AppConfig):
+                    app_config = entry
+                else:
+                    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
+                if app_config.label in self.app_configs:
+                    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                        "Application labels aren't unique, "
+                        "duplicates: %s" % app_config.label)
+
+                self.app_configs[app_config.label] = app_config
+                app_config.apps = self
+
+            # Check for duplicate app names.
+            counts = Counter(
+                app_config.name for app_config in self.app_configs.values())
+            duplicates = [
+                name for name, count in counts.most_common() if count > 1]
+            if duplicates:
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                    "Application names aren't unique, "
+                    "duplicates: %s" % ", ".join(duplicates))
+
+            self.apps_ready = True
+
+            # Phase 2: import models modules.
+            for app_config in self.app_configs.values():
+                app_config.import_models()
+
+            self.clear_cache()
+
+            self.models_ready = True
+
+            # Phase 3: run ready() methods of app configs.
+            for app_config in self.get_app_configs():
+                app_config.ready()
+
+            self.ready = True
+            self.ready_event.set()
+
+    def check_apps_ready(self):
+        """Raise an exception if all apps haven't been imported yet."""
+        if not self.apps_ready:
+            from django.conf import settings
+            # If "not ready" is due to unconfigured settings, accessing
+            # INSTALLED_APPS raises a more helpful ImproperlyConfigured
+            # exception.
+            settings.INSTALLED_APPS
+            raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
+
+    def check_models_ready(self):
+        """Raise an exception if all models haven't been imported yet."""
+        if not self.models_ready:
+            raise AppRegistryNotReady("Models aren't loaded yet.")
+
+    def get_app_configs(self):
+        """Import applications and return an iterable of app configs."""
+        self.check_apps_ready()
+        return self.app_configs.values()
+
+    def get_app_config(self, app_label):
+        """
+        Import applications and returns an app config for the given label.
+
+        Raise LookupError if no application exists with this label.
+        """
+        self.check_apps_ready()
+        try:
+            return self.app_configs[app_label]
+        except KeyError:
+            message = "No installed app with label '%s'." % app_label
+            for app_config in self.get_app_configs():
+                if app_config.name == app_label:
+                    message += " Did you mean '%s'?" % app_config.label
+                    break
+            raise LookupError(message)
+
+    # This method is performance-critical at least for Django's test suite.
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def get_models(self, include_auto_created=False, include_swapped=False):
+        """
+        Return a list of all installed models.
+
+        By default, the following models aren't included:
+
+        - auto-created models for many-to-many relations without
+          an explicit intermediate table,
+        - models that have been swapped out.
+
+        Set the corresponding keyword argument to True to include such models.
+        """
+        self.check_models_ready()
+
+        result = []
+        for app_config in self.app_configs.values():
+            result.extend(app_config.get_models(include_auto_created, include_swapped))
+        return result
+
+    def get_model(self, app_label, model_name=None, require_ready=True):
+        """
+        Return the model matching the given app_label and model_name.
+
+        As a shortcut, app_label may be in the form <app_label>.<model_name>.
+
+        model_name is case-insensitive.
+
+        Raise LookupError if no application exists with this label, or no
+        model exists with this name in the application. Raise ValueError if
+        called with a single argument that doesn't contain exactly one dot.
+        """
+        if require_ready:
+            self.check_models_ready()
+        else:
+            self.check_apps_ready()
+
+        if model_name is None:
+            app_label, model_name = app_label.split('.')
+
+        app_config = self.get_app_config(app_label)
+
+        if not require_ready and app_config.models is None:
+            app_config.import_models()
+
+        return app_config.get_model(model_name, require_ready=require_ready)
+
+    def register_model(self, app_label, model):
+        # Since this method is called when models are imported, it cannot
+        # perform imports because of the risk of import loops. It mustn't
+        # call get_app_config().
+        model_name = model._meta.model_name
+        app_models = self.all_models[app_label]
+        if model_name in app_models:
+            if (model.__name__ == app_models[model_name].__name__ and
+                    model.__module__ == app_models[model_name].__module__):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "Model '%s.%s' was already registered. "
+                    "Reloading models is not advised as it can lead to inconsistencies, "
+                    "most notably with related models." % (app_label, model_name),
+                    RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Conflicting '%s' models in application '%s': %s and %s." %
+                    (model_name, app_label, app_models[model_name], model))
+        app_models[model_name] = model
+        self.do_pending_operations(model)
+        self.clear_cache()
+
+    def is_installed(self, app_name):
+        """
+        Check whether an application with this name exists in the registry.
+
+        app_name is the full name of the app e.g. 'django.contrib.admin'.
+        """
+        self.check_apps_ready()
+        return any(ac.name == app_name for ac in self.app_configs.values())
+
+    def get_containing_app_config(self, object_name):
+        """
+        Look for an app config containing a given object.
+
+        object_name is the dotted Python path to the object.
+
+        Return the app config for the inner application in case of nesting.
+        Return None if the object isn't in any registered app config.
+        """
+        self.check_apps_ready()
+        candidates = []
+        for app_config in self.app_configs.values():
+            if object_name.startswith(app_config.name):
+                subpath = object_name[len(app_config.name):]
+                if subpath == '' or subpath[0] == '.':
+                    candidates.append(app_config)
+        if candidates:
+            return sorted(candidates, key=lambda ac: -len(ac.name))[0]
+
+    def get_registered_model(self, app_label, model_name):
+        """
+        Similar to get_model(), but doesn't require that an app exists with
+        the given app_label.
+
+        It's safe to call this method at import time, even while the registry
+        is being populated.
+        """
+        model = self.all_models[app_label].get(model_name.lower())
+        if model is None:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "Model '%s.%s' not registered." % (app_label, model_name))
+        return model
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def get_swappable_settings_name(self, to_string):
+        """
+        For a given model string (e.g. "auth.User"), return the name of the
+        corresponding settings name if it refers to a swappable model. If the
+        referred model is not swappable, return None.
+
+        This method is decorated with lru_cache because it's performance
+        critical when it comes to migrations. Since the swappable settings don't
+        change after Django has loaded the settings, there is no reason to get
+        the respective settings attribute over and over again.
+        """
+        for model in self.get_models(include_swapped=True):
+            swapped = model._meta.swapped
+            # Is this model swapped out for the model given by to_string?
+            if swapped and swapped == to_string:
+                return model._meta.swappable
+            # Is this model swappable and the one given by to_string?
+            if model._meta.swappable and model._meta.label == to_string:
+                return model._meta.swappable
+        return None
+
+    def set_available_apps(self, available):
+        """
+        Restrict the set of installed apps used by get_app_config[s].
+
+        available must be an iterable of application names.
+
+        set_available_apps() must be balanced with unset_available_apps().
+
+        Primarily used for performance optimization in TransactionTestCase.
+
+        This method is safe in the sense that it doesn't trigger any imports.
+        """
+        available = set(available)
+        installed = {app_config.name for app_config in self.get_app_configs()}
+        if not available.issubset(installed):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Available apps isn't a subset of installed apps, extra apps: %s"
+                % ", ".join(available - installed)
+            )
+
+        self.stored_app_configs.append(self.app_configs)
+        self.app_configs = OrderedDict(
+            (label, app_config)
+            for label, app_config in self.app_configs.items()
+            if app_config.name in available)
+        self.clear_cache()
+
+    def unset_available_apps(self):
+        """Cancel a previous call to set_available_apps()."""
+        self.app_configs = self.stored_app_configs.pop()
+        self.clear_cache()
+
+    def set_installed_apps(self, installed):
+        """
+        Enable a different set of installed apps for get_app_config[s].
+
+        installed must be an iterable in the same format as INSTALLED_APPS.
+
+        set_installed_apps() must be balanced with unset_installed_apps(),
+        even if it exits with an exception.
+
+        Primarily used as a receiver of the setting_changed signal in tests.
+
+        This method may trigger new imports, which may add new models to the
+        registry of all imported models. They will stay in the registry even
+        after unset_installed_apps(). Since it isn't possible to replay
+        imports safely (e.g. that could lead to registering listeners twice),
+        models are registered when they're imported and never removed.
+        """
+        if not self.ready:
+            raise AppRegistryNotReady("App registry isn't ready yet.")
+        self.stored_app_configs.append(self.app_configs)
+        self.app_configs = OrderedDict()
+        self.apps_ready = self.models_ready = self.loading = self.ready = False
+        self.clear_cache()
+        self.populate(installed)
+
+    def unset_installed_apps(self):
+        """Cancel a previous call to set_installed_apps()."""
+        self.app_configs = self.stored_app_configs.pop()
+        self.apps_ready = self.models_ready = self.ready = True
+        self.clear_cache()
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        """
+        Clear all internal caches, for methods that alter the app registry.
+
+        This is mostly used in tests.
+        """
+        # Call expire cache on each model. This will purge
+        # the relation tree and the fields cache.
+        self.get_models.cache_clear()
+        if self.ready:
+            # Circumvent self.get_models() to prevent that the cache is refilled.
+            # This particularly prevents that an empty value is cached while cloning.
+            for app_config in self.app_configs.values():
+                for model in app_config.get_models(include_auto_created=True):
+                    model._meta._expire_cache()
+
+    def lazy_model_operation(self, function, *model_keys):
+        """
+        Take a function and a number of ("app_label", "modelname") tuples, and
+        when all the corresponding models have been imported and registered,
+        call the function with the model classes as its arguments.
+
+        The function passed to this method must accept exactly n models as
+        arguments, where n=len(model_keys).
+        """
+        # Base case: no arguments, just execute the function.
+        if not model_keys:
+            function()
+        # Recursive case: take the head of model_keys, wait for the
+        # corresponding model class to be imported and registered, then apply
+        # that argument to the supplied function. Pass the resulting partial
+        # to lazy_model_operation() along with the remaining model args and
+        # repeat until all models are loaded and all arguments are applied.
+        else:
+            next_model, *more_models = model_keys
+
+            # This will be executed after the class corresponding to next_model
+            # has been imported and registered. The `func` attribute provides
+            # duck-type compatibility with partials.
+            def apply_next_model(model):
+                next_function = partial(apply_next_model.func, model)
+                self.lazy_model_operation(next_function, *more_models)
+            apply_next_model.func = function
+
+            # If the model has already been imported and registered, partially
+            # apply it to the function now. If not, add it to the list of
+            # pending operations for the model, where it will be executed with
+            # the model class as its sole argument once the model is ready.