OPV Schaltungen, parbox
@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
|
||||
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
|
||||
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
|
||||
% ELK2 Formelsammlung
|
||||
%
|
||||
% @encode: UTF-8, tabwidth = 4, newline = LF
|
||||
% @author: Mario Fleischmann
|
||||
% @source: http://www.latex4ei.de
|
||||
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
|
||||
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
% ======================================================================
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
% Document Settings
|
||||
% ======================================================================
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% possible options: color/nocolor, english/german, threecolumn
|
||||
% default: color, english
|
||||
@ -17,32 +17,58 @@
|
||||
\usepackage{gensymb}
|
||||
\usepackage{cancel}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{pbox} % Spaltenpaket
|
||||
|
||||
% set document information
|
||||
\title{Elektronik 2}
|
||||
\author{Mario Fleischmann}
|
||||
\myemail{fleischmannma75068@th-nuernberg.de}
|
||||
|
||||
\fancyfoot[L]{Keine Gewähr auf Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit!}
|
||||
|
||||
% DOCUMENT_BEGIN ===============================================================
|
||||
% DOCUMENT_BEGIN =============================================================================
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
|
||||
\IfFileExists{git.id}{\input{git.id}}{}
|
||||
\ifdefined\GitRevision\mydate{\GitNiceDate\ (git \GitRevision)}\fi
|
||||
|
||||
\maketitle % requires ./img/Logo.pdf
|
||||
\maketitle % requires EFI Logo: ./img/Logo.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
% SECTION ====================================================================================
|
||||
% Thema 1: Grundlagen der Schaltungs-Analyse =================================================
|
||||
%TODO: \input{./thema1_grundlagen.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% Thema 2: SPICE Simulation, PSPICE Tutorial =================================================
|
||||
%TODO: \input{./thema2_pspice.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% Thema 3: Lineare Transistorschaltungen =====================================================
|
||||
\input{./thema3_transistor.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% SECTION ====================================================================================
|
||||
% Thema 4: Lineare OPV-Schaltungen============================================================
|
||||
\input{./thema4_linearer_OPV.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% SECTION ====================================================================================
|
||||
% Thema 5: Nichtlineare OPV-Schaltungen ======================================================
|
||||
\input{./thema5_nichtlinearer_OPV.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% Thema 6: Gegentakt-, Leistungs-Verstärker ==================================================
|
||||
%TODO :\input{./thema6_gegentakt_verstaerker.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% Thema 7: Leistungselektronische Schaltungen, Lastschalter ==================================
|
||||
%\input{./thema7_leistungselektronik_schalter.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% Thema 8: Leistungselektronische Schaltungen, Schaltverhalten, Brücken und Treiber ==========
|
||||
%\input{./thema8_leistungselektronik_schaltungen.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% Thema 9: Spannungsversorgung, DC-DC Wandler ================================================
|
||||
%\input{./thema9_spannungsversorgung.tex}
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
% DOCUMENT_END ===============================================================================
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
|
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/.DS_Store
vendored
Normal file
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_02_invertierender_verstaerker.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 136 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_03_nichtinvertierender_verstaerker.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 142 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_04_impedanzwandler.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 116 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_05_integrierer.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 134 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_06_differenzierer.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 109 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_07_summierer.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 163 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_08_differenzverstaerker.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 99 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_09_instrumentenverstaerker.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 132 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_10_stromquelle.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 109 KiB |
BIN
ELK2_FS/img/img_02_11_NIC.png
Normal file
After Width: | Height: | Size: 92 KiB |
@ -3,30 +3,37 @@
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% BJT Formeln
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Bipolartransistor}
|
||||
% NF Modell %
|
||||
\begin{bluebox}
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$g_m \approx \frac{{I_C}^{(A)}}{U_T}$ \quad\
|
||||
$g_{ce} \approx \frac{{I_C}^{(A)}}{VAF}$ \quad\
|
||||
$g_{be} \approx \frac{{g_m}^{(A)}}{BF(=β_0)}$
|
||||
\end{bluebox}
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% HF Modell %
|
||||
\begin{bluebox}
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
\item$c_{bc} \approx {C_{JBC}}^{(A)} = \frac{CJC}{(1-\frac{{U_{BC}}^{(A)}}{VJC})^{^{MJC}}}$
|
||||
\item$c_{be} \approx {C_{DBE}}^{(A)} = T_F \cdot g_m$
|
||||
\end{bluebox}
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% Typische Größenrelationen %
|
||||
\begin{bluebox}
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$g_m >> g_{be} >> g_{ce}$ \quad\
|
||||
$g_m >> \omega \cdot c_{bc}$ \quad\
|
||||
$c_{be} >> c_{bc}$
|
||||
\end{bluebox}
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
\end{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{sectionbox}
|
||||
\subsection{Seriengegengekoppelte Emitterschaltung} % Ohne CE%
|
||||
|
||||
% Seriengegengekoppelte Emitterschaltung (ohne CE)
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Seriengegengekoppelte Emitterschaltung}
|
||||
|
||||
% Spannungsverstärkung %
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V = \frac {-g_m \cdot {r_L}^*} {1+(g_m+g_{be}) \cdot R_E}$
|
||||
|
||||
@ -35,7 +42,10 @@
|
||||
$\underline{z}_{a,Tr} = r_{ce}\cdot(1+(R_E||(r_{be}+{r_G}^*))\cdot\frac{g_m\cdot r_{be}}{r_{be}+{r_G}^*})$ \newline
|
||||
$\underline{z}_{a,Tr}({r_G^*}=0) \approx r_{ce} \cdot (1 + g_m \cdot R_E))$
|
||||
|
||||
% Emitterschaltung (mit CE)
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Emitterschaltung}
|
||||
|
||||
% Spannungsverstärkung %
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V = -g_m \cdot {r_L}^*$
|
||||
|
||||
@ -49,6 +59,8 @@
|
||||
% Eckfrequenz Emitterkondensator
|
||||
$f_{3dB,CE} = \frac {g_m} {2\pi \cdot C_E}$
|
||||
|
||||
% Kollektorschaltung
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Kollektorschaltung}
|
||||
% Spannungsverstärkung %
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V = \frac{g_m \cdot {r_L}^*}{1+g_m \cdot {r_L}^*}$
|
||||
@ -69,6 +81,9 @@
|
||||
\end{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% Koppelkondensatoren
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{AC-, DC- Kopplung}
|
||||
|
||||
$f_{3dB,Ck1} = \frac{1}{2\pi\cdot (R_G + r_{in})\cdot C_{k1}}$ \newline
|
||||
@ -81,9 +96,16 @@
|
||||
$HP_2$: $f_{3dB,Ck2} = f_{3dB,Ck1} = 0,644 \cdot f_{3dB,uB}$
|
||||
\end{cookbox}
|
||||
|
||||
\end{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{sectionbox}
|
||||
% Differenzstruktur
|
||||
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Differenzverstärkung}
|
||||
$\underline{a}_{VD1} (=\frac{\underline{u}_{out1}}{\underline{u}_{id}}) = - \underline{a}_{VD2}(=\frac{-\underline{u}_{out2}}{\underline{u}_{id}}) $ \newline
|
||||
$= -\frac{g_m}{2}\cdot (r_L||r_{ce})=\frac{\underline{a}_{VD}}{2}$ \newline
|
||||
|
||||
$\underline{z}_{inD} (=\underline{z}_{id}) =\frac{\underline{u}_{id}}{\underline{i}_{in1}} = 2\cdot r_{be}$
|
||||
|
||||
\end{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
@ -3,33 +3,160 @@
|
||||
% ============================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% OPV Formeln
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Operationsverstärker}
|
||||
|
||||
% Differenzverstärkung %
|
||||
$A_{VD}(=V_{UD})=\frac{U_{OUT}}{U_{ID}}(typ.>100k)>>1$ \newline
|
||||
$A_{VD}(=V_{UD})=\frac{U_{OUT}}{U_{ID}}(typ.>100k)>>1$
|
||||
|
||||
% GLeichtaktverstärkung %
|
||||
$A_{VC}=\frac{U_{OUT}}{U_{CM}} \approx 0$ \newline
|
||||
$A_{VC}=\frac{U_{OUT}}{U_{CM}} \approx 0$
|
||||
|
||||
% Common Mode Rejection Ratio %
|
||||
$CMMR=\frac{A_{VD}}{A_{VC}}>>1$ \quad\
|
||||
$CMMR/dB=20\cdot log(\frac{A_{VD}}{A_{VC}})$
|
||||
|
||||
% Frequenzgang %
|
||||
$\underline{V}_{ud}(f)=\frac{V_{UD}}{\cancel{1}+\frac{j\cdot f}{f_1}}$ \newline
|
||||
$\underline{V}_{ud}(f)=\frac{V_{UD}}{\cancel{1}+\frac{j\cdot f}{f_1}}$
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$f_1(=f_{1,3dB})=\frac{f_T(=GBW)}{V_{ud}}$
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% Standard-Rückkopplungsstruktur
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Standardstruktur}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
\includegraphics[width = 0.5\columnwidth]{img_02_01_Standardstruktur}
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
$\underline{u}_2 = \underline{a}_V^+ \cdot \underline{u}_1^+ + \underline{a}_V^- \cdot \underline{u}_1^-$ \newline
|
||||
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V^+ = \frac{\underline{V}_{ud}}{1+\underline{k}\cdot\underline{V}_{ud}}$ \quad\
|
||||
% Schleifenverstärkung %
|
||||
Schleifenverstärkung: $\underline{g} = \underline{V}_{ud} \cdot \underline{k}$
|
||||
|
||||
% Ausgangsspannung %
|
||||
$\underline{u}_2 = \underline{a}_V^+ \cdot \underline{u}_1^+ + \underline{a}_V^- \cdot \underline{u}_1^-$
|
||||
|
||||
% Spannungsverstärkung %
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V^+ = \frac{\underline{V}_{ud}}{1+\underline{k}\cdot\underline{V}_{ud}}$ \quad \quad\
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V^- = -\frac{\underline{V}_{ud}\cdot(1-\underline{k})}{1+\underline{k}\cdot\underline{V}_{ud}}$\newline
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% TODO: Nicht invertierender / invertierender Betrieb %
|
||||
Betriebsfrequenzgrenze \emph{der Schaltung}: $f_g \approx \frac{GBW}{1/|\underline{k}(f_g)|}$
|
||||
\subsubsection{Betriebsmodi}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Standard Linearverstärker}
|
||||
% Nichtinvertierender Betrieb %
|
||||
\underline{Nichtinvertierender Betrieb:}
|
||||
\begin{bluebox}
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
$\underline{u}_1^- = 0!$ \quad\
|
||||
$\underline{u}_1 = \underline{u}_1^+$ \quad\
|
||||
$\underline{g} = \underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}$
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
\end{bluebox}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Stabilität}
|
||||
Normalbetrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| >> 1$
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V = +\frac{1}{\underline{k}} = 1 + \frac{\underline{Z}_2}{\underline{Z}_1}$
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
|
||||
OPV-Vorwärtsbertrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| << 1$
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V = \underline{V}_{ud}$
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% Invertierender Betrieb %
|
||||
\underline{Invertierender Betrieb:}
|
||||
\begin{bluebox}
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
$\underline{u}_1^+ = 0!$ \quad\
|
||||
$\underline{u}_1 = \underline{u}_1^-$ \quad\
|
||||
$\underline{g} = \underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}$
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
\end{bluebox}
|
||||
|
||||
Normalbetrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| >> 1$
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V = -\frac{1-\underline{k}}{\underline{k}} = 1 - \frac{1}{\underline{k}}
|
||||
= -\frac{\underline{Z}_2}{\underline{Z}_1}$
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
|
||||
OPV-Vorwärtsbertrieb: $|\underline{k} \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}| << 1$
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$\underline{a}_V = -\underline{V}_{ud} \cdot (1 - \underline{k})$
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Betriebsfrequenzgrenze der Schaltung}
|
||||
Betriebsfrequenzgrenze $f_g$ (= Durchtrittsfreq. $f_D$)
|
||||
\begin{bluebox}
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
$|\underline{g}(f_g (= f_D))| = |\underline{k}(f_g) \cdot \underline{V}_{ud}(f_g)| = 1$
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
\end{bluebox}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{emphbox}
|
||||
$f_g \approx \frac{GBW}{1/|\underline{k}(f_g)|}$
|
||||
\end{emphbox}
|
||||
\end{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% Standard-Rückkopplungsstruktur
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Stabilität von gegengekoppelten OPV-Schaltungen}
|
||||
|
||||
\end{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
% Standard lineare OPV-Schaltungen TODO
|
||||
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
\subsection{Standard Linearverstärker mit OPV}
|
||||
\subsubsection{Invertierender Standard Verstärker}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_02_invertierender_verstaerker}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{\begin{emphbox} $f_g \approx \frac{GBW}{1/|\underline{k}(f_g)|}$ \end{emphbox} }
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Nichtinvertierender Standard Verstärker}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_03_nichtinvertierender_verstaerker}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Spannungsfolger, Impedanzwandler}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_04_impedanzwandler}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Integrierer}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_05_integrierer}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Differentiator (Differenzierer)}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_06_differenzierer}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Summierer (Invertierend)}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_07_summierer}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Differenzverstärker (aktiver Subtrahierer, einfache Struktur)}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_08_differenzverstaerker}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Instrumentenverstärker (verbesserter Differenzverstärker)}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_09_instrumentenverstaerker}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\end{sectionbox}
|
||||
%Force column break
|
||||
\begin{sectionbox}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Spannungsgesteuerte Stromquelle ($G_m$)}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_10_stromquelle}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Negativ-Impedanz-Konverter (NIC)}
|
||||
\pbox{4cm}{\includegraphics[width = 3cm]{img_02_11_NIC}}
|
||||
\parbox{3.5cm}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\end{sectionbox}
|
||||
|