first commit

.gitignore

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+.venv/
+__pycache__/
+.env

.idea/.gitignore

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+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/

.idea/functional.iml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module external.system.id="pyproject.toml" type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.venv" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\python.exe" jdkType="Python SDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>

.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml

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+<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
+  <settings>
+    <option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
+    <version value="1.0" />
+  </settings>
+</component>

.idea/misc.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="~\PycharmProjects\functional\.venv" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
+</project>

.idea/modules.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/functional.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/functional.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/vcs.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>

01_verdopppeln.py

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+numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
+
+result = map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)
+print(list(result))

02_Trump_Style.py

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+words = ["Hofmann", "was", "right", "about", "something"]
+
+result = map(lambda x: x.upper(), words)
+print(list(result))

03_Gerade_Zahlen.py

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+numbers = list(range(1, 21))
+
+result = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)
+print(list(result))

04_K_Länge.py

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+from functools import reduce
+
+words = ["Apfel", "Banane", "Kirsche", "Kiwi", "Melone"]
+
+result = sum(map(lambda x : len(x) , filter(lambda x : x[0][0] == "K", words)))
+print(result)

05_Particle.py

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+class Particle:
+    def __init__(self, position, velocity=(0, 0), acceleration=(0, 0),old_version=None):
+        self.position = position
+        self.velocity = velocity
+        self.acceleration = acceleration
+        self.old_version = []
+
+    def update(self):
+        self.old_version.append(self)
+
+        new_velocity = (self.velocity[0] + self.acceleration[0],
+                        self.velocity[1] + self.acceleration[1])
+        new_position = (self.position[0] + new_velocity[0],
+                         self.position[1] + new_velocity[1])
+
+        return Particle(new_position, new_velocity, self.acceleration, self.old_version)
+
+    def undo(self):
+
+        return self.old_version.pop()
+
+
+p = Particle((0, 0), (1, 1), (1,1))
+
+
+new_p = p.update()
+old_p = p.undo()
+newnew_p = new_p.update()
+oldnew_p = new_p.undo()
+
+print(new_p.position, new_p.velocity, new_p.acceleration, new_p.old_version)

06_Quadratzahlen.py

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+class Squares:
+    def __init__(self, max_value):
+        self.n = 1
+        self.max_value = max_value
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        if self.n >= self.max_value:
+            raise StopIteration
+        self.n +=1
+        return self.n * self.n
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+s = Squares(5)
+for i in s:
+    print(i)

07_Ungerade_Zahlen.py

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+def odd(max : int):
+    n = 0
+    while n < max:
+        n += 1
+        if n % 2 != 0:
+            yield n
+
+
+o = odd(5)
+for i in o:
+    print(i)

08_Laufzeit_Messung.py

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+import functools
+import time
+
+def time_calculation(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        f(*args, **kwargs)
+        end = time.perf_counter()
+        print(f"Dauer: {end-start:.4f} Sekunden")
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@time_calculation
+def eine_funktion(a=1, b=2, c=3):
+    """Eine funktion"""
+    for i in range(5000):
+        result = (a * b + c) * i
+        print(result)
+
+
+eine_funktion()
+help(eine_funktion)

09_Treppenhaus.py

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+from functools import lru_cache
+
+import functools
+import time
+
+def time_calculation(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        result = f(*args, **kwargs)
+        end = time.perf_counter()
+        print(f"Dauer: {end-start:.4f} Sekunden")
+        return result
+
+    return wrapper
+
+@time_calculation
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ways(n):
+    if n <= 2:
+        return n
+    return ways(n-1) + ways(n-2)
+
+print(ways(40))
+

10_Münzwechsel.py

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+import time
+import functools
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+def time_calculation(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        result = f(*args, **kwargs)
+        end = time.perf_counter()
+        print(f"Dauer: {end-start:.4f} Sekunden")
+        return result
+
+    return wrapper
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def coins(n):
+    if n == 0:
+        return 1
+    if n < 0:
+        return 0
+    return coins(n-1) + coins(n-2) + coins(n-5)
+
+
+@time_calculation
+def calculate(n):
+    return coins(n)
+
+calculate(5)
+calculate(30)

AGENTS.md

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+# Regeln für dieses Projekt
+- Code nach PEP 8, Zeilenlänge maximal 88 Zeichen.
+- Jede Funktion und Methode hat einen Docstring und Type Hints.
+- Vor jedem Commit: `ruff check` und `ruff format`.

game.py

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+import pygame
+
+class Game:
+
+    def __init__(self, title, fps=60, size=(640, 400)):
+        self.title = title
+        self.fps = fps
+        self.size = size
+        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
+        self.dt = 0
+        self.screen = None
+
+    def init_game(self):
+        pygame.init()
+        pygame.display.set_caption(self.title)
+        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(self.size)
+
+
+    def game_loop(self):
+        while True:
+            # Berechnung der Zeitdifferenz seit dem letzten Frame
+            self.dt = self.clock.tick(self.fps) / 1000
+            if self.event_handling() == False:
+                break
+            if self.update_game() == False:
+                break
+            self.draw_game()
+
+    def exit_game(self):
+        pygame.quit()
+
+    def event_handling(self):  # bleibt in der Unterklasse unverändert
+        for event in pygame.event.get():
+            if not self.handle_event(event):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def handle_event(self, event):  # wird in der Unterklasse überschrieben
+        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def update_game(self):
+        return True
+
+    def draw_game(self):
+        pygame.display.flip()
+
+    def run(self):
+        self.init_game()
+        self.game_loop()
+        self.exit_game()

install_dependencies.py

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+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Installiert die Abhängigkeiten aus pyproject.toml in die aktuelle Python-Umgebung.
+
+Ersatz für "Install requirements" aus PyCharm, wenn das Projekt eine pyproject.toml
+statt einer requirements.txt hat. Kein Build, keine besondere Projektstruktur nötig,
+nur Standardbibliothek (Python >= 3.11).
+
+Benutzung:
+  In PyCharm: Rechtsklick auf diese Datei -> Run 'install_dependencies'
+  Im Terminal (venv aktiv): python install_dependencies.py
+
+Ohne Parameter wird ALLES installiert:
+  [project].dependencies + alle [project.optional-dependencies] + alle [dependency-groups]
+
+Abweichendes Verhalten:
+  python install_dependencies.py --extra dev        nur Basis + Extra "dev"
+  python install_dependencies.py --group test       nur Basis + Gruppe "test"
+  python install_dependencies.py --no-main --group dev
+  python install_dependencies.py --list             nur anzeigen, nichts installieren
+  python install_dependencies.py --write            requirements.txt schreiben statt installieren
+  python install_dependencies.py --write -o reqs.txt
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    sys.exit("Dieses Skript braucht Python 3.11 oder neuer (tomllib). "
+             f"Aktuell: {sys.version.split()[0]}")
+
+import argparse
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import tomllib
+from pathlib import Path
+
+PROJECT_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+
+
+def resolve_group(groups: dict, name: str, seen: set[str] | None = None) -> list[str]:
+    """Löst eine Dependency-Group inkl. {include-group = "..."} rekursiv auf."""
+    seen = set() if seen is None else seen
+    if name in seen:
+        raise ValueError(f"Zyklische include-group: {name}")
+    if name not in groups:
+        raise KeyError(f"Dependency-Group '{name}' nicht gefunden")
+    seen.add(name)
+    result: list[str] = []
+    for entry in groups[name]:
+        if isinstance(entry, str):
+            result.append(entry)
+        elif isinstance(entry, dict) and "include-group" in entry:
+            result.extend(resolve_group(groups, entry["include-group"], seen))
+    return result
+
+
+def collect(data: dict, extras: list[str], groups: list[str], no_main: bool) -> list[str]:
+    project = data.get("project", {})
+    optional = project.get("optional-dependencies", {})
+    dep_groups = data.get("dependency-groups", {})
+    deps: list[str] = []
+
+    if not no_main:
+        deps.extend(project.get("dependencies", []))
+    for extra in extras:
+        if extra not in optional:
+            raise KeyError(f"Optional-Dependency '{extra}' nicht gefunden")
+        deps.extend(optional[extra])
+    for group in groups:
+        deps.extend(resolve_group(dep_groups, group))
+
+    # Duplikate entfernen, Reihenfolge behalten
+    return list(dict.fromkeys(d.strip() for d in deps if d.strip()))
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
+    p.add_argument("-p", "--pyproject", type=Path, default=PROJECT_DIR / "pyproject.toml",
+                   help="Pfad zur pyproject.toml (Standard: neben diesem Skript)")
+    p.add_argument("--extra", action="append", default=None,
+                   help="nur diese optional-dependencies (mehrfach möglich)")
+    p.add_argument("--group", action="append", default=None,
+                   help="nur diese dependency-groups (mehrfach möglich)")
+    p.add_argument("--no-main", action="store_true", help="[project].dependencies weglassen")
+    p.add_argument("--list", action="store_true", help="Abhängigkeiten nur anzeigen")
+    p.add_argument("--write", action="store_true", help="requirements-Datei schreiben statt installieren")
+    p.add_argument("-o", "--output", type=Path, default=PROJECT_DIR / "requirements.txt",
+                   help="Zieldatei für --write")
+    args = p.parse_args()
+
+    if not args.pyproject.exists():
+        print(f"{args.pyproject} nicht gefunden", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    data = tomllib.loads(args.pyproject.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    all_extras = list(data.get("project", {}).get("optional-dependencies", {}))
+    all_groups = list(data.get("dependency-groups", {}))
+
+    # Ohne --extra/--group: alles. Mit einem davon: nur das Gewählte.
+    selective = args.extra is not None or args.group is not None
+    extras = (args.extra or []) if selective else all_extras
+    groups = (args.group or []) if selective else all_groups
+
+    try:
+        deps = collect(data, extras, groups, args.no_main)
+    except (KeyError, ValueError) as e:
+        print(f"Fehler: {e.args[0]}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"  Vorhandene --extra: {', '.join(all_extras) or '(keine)'}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"  Vorhandene --group: {', '.join(all_groups) or '(keine)'}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    parts = ([] if args.no_main else ["Basis"]) + [f"extra:{e}" for e in extras] + [f"group:{g}" for g in groups]
+    print(f"Auswahl: {', '.join(parts) or '(nichts)'}")
+
+    if args.list:
+        print("\n".join(deps) or "(keine Abhängigkeiten)")
+        return 0
+
+    content = f"# Automatisch erzeugt aus {args.pyproject.name} – nicht von Hand bearbeiten\n" + "\n".join(deps) + "\n"
+
+    if args.write:
+        args.output.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+        print(f"{len(deps)} Abhängigkeiten -> {args.output}")
+        return 0
+
+    if not deps:
+        print("Keine Abhängigkeiten gefunden – nichts zu tun.")
+        return 0
+
+    if sys.prefix == sys.base_prefix:
+        print("WARNUNG: Es ist kein virtuelles Environment aktiv – es wird in die globale "
+              f"Python-Installation installiert:\n  {sys.prefix}", file=sys.stderr)
+        if sys.stdin.isatty() and input("Trotzdem fortfahren? [j/N] ").strip().lower() not in ("j", "ja", "y", "yes"):
+            return 1
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".txt", delete=False, encoding="utf-8") as tmp:
+        tmp.write(content)
+        tmp_path = Path(tmp.name)
+    try:
+        print(f"Installiere {len(deps)} Abhängigkeiten in {sys.prefix}\n")
+        return subprocess.call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", "-r", str(tmp_path)])
+    finally:
+        tmp_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

pyproject.toml

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+[project]
+name = "functional"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = ["pygame","ruff"]