merge

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 doble_initial.exe
 *.o
 *.exe
+highscore.txt

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "configurations": [
+    {
+      "name": "windows-gcc-x64",
+      "includePath": [
+        "${workspaceFolder}/**"
+      ],
+      "compilerPath": "C:/ProgramData/mingw64/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe",
+      "cStandard": "${default}",
+      "cppStandard": "${default}",
+      "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64",
+      "compilerArgs": [
+        ""
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "version": 4
+}

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "configurations": [
+    {
+      "name": "C/C++ Runner: Debug Session",
+      "type": "cppdbg",
+      "request": "launch",
+      "args": [],
+      "stopAtEntry": false,
+      "externalConsole": true,
+      "cwd": "c:/Users/Max-R/I2Pr/info2Praktikum-DobleSpiel",
+      "program": "c:/Users/Max-R/I2Pr/info2Praktikum-DobleSpiel/build/Debug/outDebug",
+      "MIMode": "gdb",
+      "miDebuggerPath": "gdb",
+      "setupCommands": [
+        {
+          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+          "ignoreFailures": true
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.cCompilerPath": "gcc",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.cppCompilerPath": "g++",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.debuggerPath": "gdb",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.cStandard": "",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.cppStandard": "",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.msvcBatchPath": "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/VR_NR/Community/VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvarsall.bat",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useMsvc": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.warnings": [
+    "-Wall",
+    "-Wextra",
+    "-Wpedantic",
+    "-Wshadow",
+    "-Wformat=2",
+    "-Wcast-align",
+    "-Wconversion",
+    "-Wsign-conversion",
+    "-Wnull-dereference"
+  ],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.msvcWarnings": [
+    "/W4",
+    "/permissive-",
+    "/w14242",
+    "/w14287",
+    "/w14296",
+    "/w14311",
+    "/w14826",
+    "/w44062",
+    "/w44242",
+    "/w14905",
+    "/w14906",
+    "/w14263",
+    "/w44265",
+    "/w14928"
+  ],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.enableWarnings": true,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.warningsAsError": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.compilerArgs": [],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.linkerArgs": [],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.includePaths": [],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.includeSearch": [
+    "*",
+    "**/*"
+  ],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.excludeSearch": [
+    "**/build",
+    "**/build/**",
+    "**/.*",
+    "**/.*/**",
+    "**/.vscode",
+    "**/.vscode/**"
+  ],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useAddressSanitizer": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useUndefinedSanitizer": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useLeakSanitizer": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.showCompilationTime": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useLinkTimeOptimization": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.msvcSecureNoWarnings": false
+}

bintree.c

@@ -13,42 +13,50 @@
 //  ordering. Accepts duplicates if isDuplicate is NULL, otherwise ignores
 //  duplicates and sets isDuplicate to 1 (or to 0 if a new entry is added).
 
-void copyData(void *dest, const void *src, size_t size) {
+TreeNode *createTreeNode(const void *data, size_t dataSize) {
-  unsigned char *d = dest;
+  TreeNode *node =
-  const unsigned char *s = src;
+      malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); // Speicher für neuen Knoten reservieren
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+  if (node == NULL)
-    d[i] = s[i];
+    return NULL; // Abbrechen bei Fehler
+
+  node->data = malloc(dataSize); // Speicher für Daten reservieren
+  if (node->data == NULL) {
+    free(node);
+    return NULL;
   }
+
+  memcpy(node->data, data, dataSize); // Standardfunktion string.h, kopiert
+                                      // size bytes von data nach node->data,
+                                      // daten dürfen sich nicht überschneiden
+                                      // speichern der Daten in node->data
+  node->left = NULL;                  // Kinder sind NULL
+  node->right = NULL;
+  return node;
 }
 
 TreeNode *addToTree(TreeNode *root, const void *data, size_t dataSize,
                     CompareFctType compareFct, int *isDuplicate) {
 
-  // isDuplicate initialisieren (auf 0 setzen)
+  // isDuplicate initialisieren (auf 0 setzen), verhindert Änderung am Baum
   if (isDuplicate) {
     *isDuplicate = 0;
-  }
+  } // bei 0: neuer Wert wurde eingefügt, bei 1: Wert war bereits im Baum
 
   // leerer Baum
   if (root == NULL) {
-    TreeNode *node = malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
+    return createTreeNode(data, dataSize);
-    node->data = malloc(dataSize);
-    copyData(node->data, data, dataSize);
-    node->left = NULL;
-    node->right = NULL;
-    return node;
   }
 
   // mit compareFct <0 links >0 rechts =0 Duplikat
-  int cmp = compareFct(data, root->data);
+  int compare = compareFct(data, root->data);
 
-  if (cmp < 0) {
+  if (compare < 0) { // Eintrag links
     root->left = addToTree(root->left, data, dataSize, compareFct, isDuplicate);
-  } else if (cmp > 0) {
+  } else if (compare > 0) { // Eintrag rechts
     root->right =
         addToTree(root->right, data, dataSize, compareFct, isDuplicate);
-  } else {
+  } else { // Duplikat
-    // isDuplicate auf 1 setzen
+    // isDuplicate auf 1 setzen, keine Änderung am Baum
     if (isDuplicate) {
       *isDuplicate = 1;
     }
@@ -62,52 +70,57 @@ TreeNode *addToTree(TreeNode *root, const void *data, size_t dataSize,
 // the root node and all left nodes first. On returning the next element, push
 // the top node and push all its left nodes.
 void *nextTreeData(TreeNode *root) {
-  static StackNode *stack = NULL;
+  static StackNode *stack = NULL; // static -> behält Wert bei mehreren Aufrufen
 
   // Neue Iteration starten
   if (root != NULL) {
-    clearStack(&stack);
+    clearStack(&stack); // alte Stack-Inhalte werden gelöscht
 
-    TreeNode *curr = root;
+    TreeNode *currentNode = root;
-    while (curr != NULL) {
+    while (currentNode !=
+           NULL) { // alle linken Knoten werden vom root an auf den Stack gelegt
       StackNode *oldStack = stack;
-      StackNode *newStack = push(stack, curr);
+      StackNode *newStack = push(stack, currentNode);
       if (newStack == oldStack)
         return NULL; // push fehlgeschlagen
       stack = newStack;
-      curr = curr->left;
+      currentNode = currentNode->left;
     }
   }
   if (stack == NULL)
-    return NULL; // alles durchlaufen
+    return NULL; // wenn Stack leer ist sind keine Elemente mehr vorhanden,
+                 // Iteration beendet
 
-  // Oberstes Element abrufen
+  // oberster Knoten vom Stack
-  TreeNode *node = (TreeNode *)top(stack);
+  TreeNode *node = top(stack);
   stack = pop(stack);
 
   // Rechten Teilbaum pushen
-  TreeNode *curr = node->right;
+  TreeNode *currentNode = node->right;
-  while (curr != NULL) {
+  while (currentNode != NULL) {
     StackNode *oldStack = stack;
-    StackNode *newStack = push(stack, curr);
+    StackNode *newStack = push(stack, currentNode);
     if (newStack == oldStack)
       return NULL; // push fehlgeschlagen
     stack = newStack;
-    curr = curr->left;
+    currentNode = currentNode->left;
   }
-  return node->data;
+  return node->data; // Pointer auf Daten
 }
 
 // Releases all memory resources (including data copies).
-void clearTree(TreeNode *root) {
+void clearTree(TreeNode **root) { // rekursive Funktion zum freigeben des
-  if (root == NULL)
+                                  // Speichers und Nullsetzen der Pointer
+  if (root == NULL || *root == NULL)
     return;
 
-  clearTree(root->left);
+  clearTree(&(*root)->left);  // linken Teilbaum löschen
-  clearTree(root->right);
+  clearTree(&(*root)->right); // rechten Teilbaum löschen
 
-  free(root->data);
+  free((*root)->data); // Daten freigeben
-  free(root);
+  (*root)->data = NULL;
+  free(*root);  // Knoten freigeben
+  *root = NULL; // Zeiger auf NULL setzen
 }
 
 // Returns the number of entries in the tree given by root.

bintree.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ typedef struct node {
   struct node *right;
 } TreeNode;
 
-void copyData(void *dest, const void *src, size_t size);
+TreeNode *createTreeNode(const void *data, size_t dataSize);
 
 // Adds a copy of data's pointer destination to the tree using compareFct for
 // ordering. Accepts duplicates if isDuplicate is NULL, otherwise ignores
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ TreeNode *addToTree(TreeNode *root, const void *data, size_t dataSize,
 // the top node and push all its left nodes.
 void *nextTreeData(TreeNode *root);
 // Releases all memory resources (including data copies).
-void clearTree(TreeNode *root);
+void clearTree(TreeNode **root);
 // Returns the number of entries in the tree given by root.
 unsigned int treeSize(const TreeNode *root);
 

highscore.c

@@ -1,72 +1,66 @@
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include "highscore.h"
 #include "bintree.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #define MAX_LINE_LEN 100
 #define MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN 20
 
-typedef struct
+typedef struct {
-{
   char name[MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN];
   int score;
 } HighscoreEntry;
 
 static TreeNode *highscoreTree = NULL;
 
-// Compare two highscore entries by score (descending), then by name (ascending).
+// Compare two highscore entries by score (descending), then by name
-static int compareHighscoreEntries(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
+// (ascending).
-{
+static int compareHighscoreEntries(const void *arg1, const void *arg2) {
   const HighscoreEntry *entry1 = (const HighscoreEntry *)arg1;
   const HighscoreEntry *entry2 = (const HighscoreEntry *)arg2;
 
   int result = entry2->score - entry1->score;
 
-    if(result == 0)
+  if (result == 0)
     result = strcmp(entry1->name, entry2->name);
 
   return result;
 }
 
 // Create a new highscore entry from name and score.
-static HighscoreEntry createHighscoreEntry(const char *name, int score)
+static HighscoreEntry createHighscoreEntry(const char *name, int score) {
-{
   HighscoreEntry entry = {"", score};
 
-    if(name != NULL)
+  if (name != NULL) {
-    {
     strncpy(entry.name, name, MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN);
-        entry.name[MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN-1] = '\0';
+    entry.name[MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
   }
 
   return entry;
 }
 
 // Calculate score based on time used and number of shown numbers.
-static int calculateScore(double timeInSeconds, unsigned int len)
+static int calculateScore(double timeInSeconds, unsigned int len) {
-{
   return (1000.0 - timeInSeconds) * len;
 }
 
 // Load highscores from file into memory.
-void loadHighscores(const char *path)
+void loadHighscores(const char *path) {
-{
   FILE *file = fopen(path, "r");
 
-    if(file != NULL)
+  if (file != NULL) {
-    {
+    char buffer[MAX_LINE_LEN + 1];
-        char buffer[MAX_LINE_LEN+1];
 
-        while(fgets(buffer, MAX_LINE_LEN+1, file) != NULL)
+    while (fgets(buffer, MAX_LINE_LEN + 1, file) != NULL) {
-        {
       char *name = strtok(buffer, ";\n");
       char *scoreStr = strtok(NULL, ";\n");
 
-            if(name != NULL && scoreStr != NULL)
+      if (name != NULL && scoreStr != NULL) {
-            {
+        HighscoreEntry entry =
-                HighscoreEntry entry = createHighscoreEntry(name, strtol(scoreStr, NULL, 10));
+            createHighscoreEntry(name, strtol(scoreStr, NULL, 10));
-                highscoreTree = addToTree(highscoreTree, &entry, sizeof(entry), compareHighscoreEntries, NULL);
+        highscoreTree = addToTree(highscoreTree, &entry, sizeof(entry),
+                                  compareHighscoreEntries, NULL);
       }
     }
 
@@ -75,19 +69,23 @@ void loadHighscores(const char *path)
 }
 
 // Add a new highscore entry and return the calculated score.
-int addHighscore(const char *name, double timeInSeconds, unsigned int len)
+int addHighscore(const char *name, double timeInSeconds, unsigned int len) {
-{
+  HighscoreEntry entry =
-    HighscoreEntry entry = createHighscoreEntry(name, calculateScore(timeInSeconds, len));
+      createHighscoreEntry(name, calculateScore(timeInSeconds, len));
-    highscoreTree = addToTree(highscoreTree, &entry, sizeof(entry), compareHighscoreEntries, NULL);
+  highscoreTree = addToTree(highscoreTree, &entry, sizeof(entry),
+                            compareHighscoreEntries, NULL);
 
   return entry.score;
 }
 
 // Print highscores (up to NUMBER_OF_SHOWN_HIGHSCORES) in a formatted table.
-void showHighscores()
+void showHighscores() {
-{
+  const char *blanks =
-    const char *blanks = "                                                                                                                        ";
+      "                                                                        "
-    const char *stripes = "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------";
+      "                                                ";
+  const char *stripes =
+      "------------------------------------------------------------------------"
+      "------------------------------------------------";
   const char *header = "H I G H S C O R E S";
   const int lineWidth = MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN + MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN + 5;
 
@@ -96,28 +94,26 @@ void showHighscores()
   HighscoreEntry *entry = nextTreeData(highscoreTree);
 
   printf("+%*.*s+\n", lineWidth, lineWidth, stripes);
-    printf("|%*.*s%s%*.*s|\n", blankSpace, blankSpace, blanks, header, blankSpace, blankSpace, blanks);
+  printf("|%*.*s%s%*.*s|\n", blankSpace, blankSpace, blanks, header, blankSpace,
+         blankSpace, blanks);
   printf("+%*.*s+\n", lineWidth, lineWidth, stripes);
 
-    for(int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SHOWN_HIGHSCORES && entry != NULL; i++)
+  for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SHOWN_HIGHSCORES && entry != NULL; i++) {
-    {
+    printf("| %-*s | %*d |\n", MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN, entry->name,
-        printf("| %-*s | %*d |\n", MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN, entry->name, MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN, entry->score);
+           MAX_PLAYER_NAME_LEN, entry->score);
     printf("+%*.*s+\n", lineWidth, lineWidth, stripes);
     entry = nextTreeData(NULL);
   }
 }
 
 // Save highscores to file (up to NUMBER_OF_SHOWN_HIGHSCORES).
-void saveHighscores(const char *path)
+void saveHighscores(const char *path) {
-{
   FILE *file = fopen(path, "w");
 
-    if(file != NULL)
+  if (file != NULL) {
-    {
     HighscoreEntry *entry = nextTreeData(highscoreTree);
 
-        for(int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SHOWN_HIGHSCORES && entry != NULL; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SHOWN_HIGHSCORES && entry != NULL; i++) {
-        {
       fprintf(file, "%s;%d\n", entry->name, entry->score);
       entry = nextTreeData(NULL);
     }
@@ -127,8 +123,7 @@ void saveHighscores(const char *path)
 }
 
 // Free all memory used for highscores.
-void clearHighscores()
+void clearHighscores() {
-{
+  clearTree(&highscoreTree);
-    clearTree(highscoreTree);
   highscoreTree = NULL;
 }

highscores.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+max20;19879
+max10;9970
+max;9965
 Kristin;9944
 Kristin;7947
 Kristin;6962
+Kristin;5987
 Kristin;5975
 krisp;4986
 krisp;4985
-Kristin;4972
-player1;3999
-Kristin;3992
-krisp;3991

main.c

@@ -1,51 +1,47 @@
-#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "highscore.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include "numbers.h"
 #include "timer.h"
-#include "highscore.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
 
 // Read an unsigned integer from stdin with prompt (retries until valid).
-int inputNumber(const char *promptText)
+int inputNumber(const char *promptText) {
-{
   unsigned int number;
   int numberOfInputs = 0;
 
-    while(numberOfInputs != 1)
+  while (numberOfInputs != 1) {
-    {
     printf("%s", promptText);
     numberOfInputs = scanf("%u", &number);
-        while(getchar() != '\n') {} // clear input buffer
+    while (getchar() != '\n') {
+    } // clear input buffer
   }
 
   return number;
 }
 
 // Print an array of numbers.
-void showNumbers(const unsigned int *numbers, unsigned int len)
+void showNumbers(const unsigned int *numbers, unsigned int len) {
-{
+  if (numbers != NULL) {
-    if(numbers != NULL)
-    {
     printf("Numbers:");
 
-        for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
       printf(" %5d", numbers[i]);
 
     printf("\n");
   }
 }
 
-// Main game loop: generate numbers, ask user for duplicate, measure time, update highscores.
+// Main game loop: generate numbers, ask user for duplicate, measure time,
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+// update highscores.
-{
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  srand(time(NULL)); // seed für srand
   int exitCode = EXIT_FAILURE;
 
-    if(argc != 2)
+  if (argc != 2) {
-    {
     fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <player name>\n", argv[0]);
     exitCode = EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
+  } else {
-    else
-    {
     const char *highscorePath = "highscores.txt";
     const char *playerName = argv[1];
     unsigned int *numbers = NULL;
@@ -55,8 +51,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     unsigned int numberOfElements = 0;
 
     // ask until valid number of elements (3..1000)
-        while(numberOfElements < 3 || numberOfElements > 1000)
+    while (numberOfElements < 3 || numberOfElements > 1000)
-            numberOfElements = inputNumber("Wie viele Zahlen sollen gezeigt werden: ");
+      numberOfElements =
+          inputNumber("Wie viele Zahlen sollen gezeigt werden: ");
 
     // create numbers and show them
     numbers = createNumbers(numberOfElements);
@@ -70,13 +67,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     duplicate = getDuplicate(numbers, numberOfElements);
 
     // check result and update highscores
-        if(userInput == duplicate)
+    if (userInput == duplicate) {
-        {
       int score = addHighscore(playerName, measuredSeconds, numberOfElements);
-            printf("Sie haben die korrekte Zahl in %.6lf Sekunde(n) gefunden und %u Punkte erzielt.\n", measuredSeconds, score);
+      printf("Sie haben die korrekte Zahl in %.6lf Sekunde(n) gefunden und %u "
-        }
+             "Punkte erzielt.\n",
-        else
+             measuredSeconds, score);
-            printf("Leider ist %u nicht korrekt. Richtig waere %u gewesen.\n", userInput, duplicate);
+    } else
+      printf("Leider ist %u nicht korrekt. Richtig waere %u gewesen.\n",
+             userInput, duplicate);
 
     loadHighscores(highscorePath);
     showHighscores();

makefile

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 CC = gcc
 FLAGS = -g -Wall -lm
+ASAN_FLAGS = -fsanitize=address 
 
 ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
 	include makefile_windows.variables
@@ -69,4 +70,9 @@ test_binary.o: test_binary.c
 # Clean
 # --------------------------
 clean:
-	rm -f *.o doble $(STACK_TEST_BIN) $(NUMBERS_TEST_BIN) $(BINARY_TEST_BIN)
+ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
+	del /f *.o doble
+else
+	rm -f *.o doble
+endif
+

numbers.c

@@ -3,18 +3,6 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-int compareUnsignedInt(const void *a, const void *b) {
-  unsigned int x = *(unsigned int *)a;
-  unsigned int y = *(unsigned int *)b;
-
-  if (x < y)
-    return -1;
-  if (x > y)
-    return 1;
-  return 0;
-}
 
 // TODO: getDuplicate und createNumbers implementieren
 /**Erzeugen eines Arrays mit der vom Nutzer eingegebenen Anzahl an
@@ -27,65 +15,82 @@ int compareUnsignedInt(const void *a, const void *b) {
 // different, except for two entries. Returns NULL on errors. Use your
 // implementation of the binary search tree to check for possible duplicates
 // while creating random numbers.
+
+// vergleicht zwei Werte: a<b: -1 a>b: 1 a=b: 0
+int compareUnsignedInt(const void *a, const void *b) {
+  unsigned int x = *(unsigned int *)a;
+  unsigned int y = *(unsigned int *)b;
+  return (x < y) ? -1 : (x > y);
+}
+
 unsigned int *createNumbers(unsigned int len) {
-  if (len < 2)
+  if (len < 2) // Duplikat bei zwei Einträgen sinnlos
     return NULL;
 
-  unsigned int *arr = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * len);
+  unsigned int *numbersArray = malloc(
-  if (!arr)
+      sizeof(unsigned int) * len); // Speicher für das Ausgabearray reservieren:
+                                   // Größe eines Eintrags * Größe des Arrays
+  if (!numbersArray)               // Speicher konnte nicht reserviert werden
     return NULL;
 
-  TreeNode *root = NULL;
+  TreeNode *root =
-  srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
+      NULL; // Binärbaum zum Generieren der Zufallszahlen ohne Duplikate
 
-  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    unsigned int num;
+    unsigned int currentNumber;
     int isDuplicate;
-
+    do { // mindestens eine Zufallszahl erzeugen
-    do {
+      currentNumber = (rand() % (2 * len)) + 1; // Zahlenbereich 1 bis 2*len
-      num = (rand() % (2 * len)) + 1;
       isDuplicate = 0;
-
+      root = addToTree(root, &currentNumber, sizeof(unsigned int),
-      root = addToTree(root, &num, sizeof(unsigned int), compareUnsignedInt,
+                       compareUnsignedInt,
-                       &isDuplicate);
+                       &isDuplicate); // compareUnsignedInt wird zum Verwenden
-
+                                      // bei Vergleichen übergeben
-    } while (isDuplicate); // nur akzeptieren, wenn eindeutig
+    } while (isDuplicate); // wenn isDuplicate gesetzt wird, muss eine neue Zahl
-
+                           // erzeugt werden, die Schleife wird wiederholt
-    arr[i] = num;
+    numbersArray[i] = currentNumber;
   }
 
-  // Jetzt gezielt EIN Duplikat erzeugen
+  // Ein zufälliges Duplikat erzeugen
-  unsigned int duplicateIndex = rand() % (len - 1);
+  unsigned int duplicateIndex =
-  arr[len - 1] = arr[duplicateIndex];
+      rand() % len; // Index des Duplikats per Zufall bestimmen
+  unsigned int newIndex;
+  do {
+    newIndex = rand() % len;
+  } while (newIndex == duplicateIndex); // zweiten Index bestimmen, der nicht
+                                        // mit dem ersten übereinstimmt
 
-  clearTree(root);
+  numbersArray[newIndex] =
-  return arr;
+      numbersArray[duplicateIndex]; // Wert vom ersten Index kopieren
+
+  clearTree(&root); // Speicher wieder freigeben, wird nicht mehr benötigt
+  return numbersArray;
 }
 
 // Returns only the only number in numbers which is present twice. Returns zero
 // on errors.
-unsigned int getDuplicate(const unsigned int numbers[], unsigned int len) {
+unsigned int getDuplicate(
+    const unsigned int *numbers,
+    unsigned int len) { // array numbers, sowie die Länge wird übergeben
   if (!numbers || len < 2)
-    return 0;
+    return 0; // fehlerhaftes Array
 
-  unsigned int *copy = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * len);
+  TreeNode *root = NULL;           // leerer Baum
-  if (!copy)
+  unsigned int duplicateValue = 0; // Wert des Duplikats
-    return 0;
 
-  memcpy(copy, numbers, sizeof(unsigned int) * len);
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len && duplicateValue == 0; i++) { // Schleife
+    int isDuplicate = 0;
 
-  // Sortierung
+    // Zahl in den Baum einfügen
-  qsort(copy, len, sizeof(unsigned int), compareUnsignedInt);
+    root = addToTree(root, &numbers[i], sizeof(unsigned int),
+                     compareUnsignedInt, &isDuplicate);
 
-  // Duplikat finden: zwei gleiche nebeneinander
+    // Duplikat erkannt
-  unsigned int duplicate = 0;
+    if (isDuplicate && duplicateValue == 0) {
-  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
+      duplicateValue = numbers[i]; // Duplikat merken, for-Schleife wird beendet
-    if (copy[i] == copy[i + 1]) {
-      duplicate = copy[i];
-      break;
     }
   }
 
-  free(copy);
+  clearTree(&root);      // Baum freigeben
-  return duplicate;
+  return duplicateValue; // 0, falls kein Duplikat
 }

numbers.h

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 #ifndef NUMBERS_H
 #define NUMBERS_H
 
-// Returns len random numbers between 1 and 2x len in random order which are all different, except for two entries.
+int compareUnsignedInt(const void *a, const void *b);
-// Returns NULL on errors. Use your implementation of the binary search tree to check for possible duplicates while
+
-// creating random numbers.
+// Returns len random numbers between 1 and 2x len in random order which are all
+// different, except for two entries. Returns NULL on errors. Use your
+// implementation of the binary search tree to check for possible duplicates
+// while creating random numbers.
 unsigned int *createNumbers(unsigned int len);
 
-// Returns only the only number in numbers which is present twice. Returns zero on errors.
+// Returns only the only number in numbers which is present twice. Returns zero
+// on errors.
 unsigned int getDuplicate(const unsigned int *numbers, unsigned int len);
 
 #endif

stack.c

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 } StackNode;*/
 
 // TODO: grundlegende Stackfunktionen implementieren:
-/* `push`: legt ein Element oben auf den Stack,
+/*  * `push`: legt ein Element oben auf den Stack,
  * `pop`: entfernt das oberste Element,
  * `top`: liefert das oberste Element zurück,
  * `clearStack`: gibt den gesamten Speicher frei. */
@@ -88,7 +88,12 @@ void clearStack(StackNode **stack) { // Zeiger auf den Zeiger auf den Stackkopf
   // verändert den Zeiger selbst, mit *stack lokale Kopie
   // im Aufruf &stack verwenden
   while (*stack != NULL) {
+
+    (*stack)->prev = NULL;            // späteren Pointerzugriff verhindern
     StackNode *next = (*stack)->next; // nächstes Element speichern
+
+    (*stack)->next = NULL; // späteren Pointerzugriff verhindern
+
     free(*stack);  // aktuelles Element freigeben
     *stack = next; // Zeiger auf nächsten Knoten setzen
   }

test_binary.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include "bintree.h"
+
 int compareUnsignedInt(const void *a, const void *b) {
   unsigned int x = *(unsigned int *)a;
   unsigned int y = *(unsigned int *)b;
@@ -21,71 +22,91 @@ void setUp(void) {
   root = NULL; // vor jedem Test leeren
 }
 
-void tearDown(void) { clearTree(root); }
+void tearDown(void) { clearTree(&root); }
 
 // Test, ob addToTree Knoten korrekt hinzufügt
+
+/*TreeNode *addToTree(TreeNode *root, const void *data, size_t dataSize,
+                    CompareFctType compareFct, int *isDuplicate) */
 void test_addToTree_basic(void) {
-  int isDup;
+  int isDuplicate;
-  unsigned int val = 10;
+  unsigned int testInt = 10;
-  root = addToTree(root, &val, sizeof(val), compareUnsignedInt, &isDup);
+  root = addToTree(root, &testInt, sizeof(testInt), compareUnsignedInt,
-  TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
+                   &isDuplicate);
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(10, *(unsigned int *)root->data);
+  TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root); // Knoten wurde erfolgreich erzeugt
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(0, isDup);
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(1, treeSize(root));
+      10,
+      *(unsigned int *)root
+           ->data); // Datenzeiger wurde richtig gesetzt, void pointer auf
+                    // unsigned int pointer casten, mit *wird der Wert abgerufen
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(0, isDuplicate);     // kein Duplikat
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(1, treeSize(root)); // der tree hat einen Eintrag
 }
 
 // Test, dass Duplikate erkannt werden
 void test_addToTree_duplicate(void) {
-  int isDup;
+  int isDuplicate;
-  unsigned int val1 = 10, val2 = 10;
+  unsigned int val1 = 10, val2 = 10; // Duplikate
-  root = addToTree(root, &val1, sizeof(val1), compareUnsignedInt, &isDup);
+  root = addToTree(root, &val1, sizeof(val1), compareUnsignedInt,
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(0, isDup);
+                   &isDuplicate);        // val 1 zum leeren Baum hinzufügen
-  root = addToTree(root, &val2, sizeof(val2), compareUnsignedInt, &isDup);
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(0, isDuplicate); // erster Knoten->kein Duplikat
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(1, isDup);
+  root = addToTree(root, &val2, sizeof(val2), compareUnsignedInt,
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(1, treeSize(root)); // Duplikate nicht hinzufügen
+                   &isDuplicate);        // val 2 hinzufügen
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(1, isDuplicate); // Duplikat erkannt
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(1,
+                         treeSize(root)); // Duplikate wurde nicht hinzugefügt
 }
 
 // Test nextTreeData Traversierung
 void test_nextTreeData_in_order(void) {
-  unsigned int values[] = {20, 10, 30};
+  unsigned int values[] = {20, 10, 30}; // erwartete Ausgabe: 10 -> 20 -> 30
-  int isDup;
+  int isDuplicate;
   for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
     root = addToTree(root, &values[i], sizeof(values[i]), compareUnsignedInt,
-                     &isDup);
+                     &isDuplicate); // Baum füllen
   }
 
-  unsigned int expected[] = {10, 20, 30};
+  unsigned int expected[] = {10, 20, 30}; // erwartet in Order Reihenfolge
-  int idx = 0;
+  int valueID = 0;
   void *data;
 
-  // **Neue Iteration starten**
+  // Neue Iteration starten
   data = nextTreeData(root);
   while (data != NULL) {
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(expected[idx], *(unsigned int *)data);
+    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(expected[valueID],
-    idx++;
+                           *(unsigned int *)data); // entspricht erwartetem Wert
+
+    valueID++;
     data = nextTreeData(NULL); // weitere Elemente abrufen
   }
 
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(3, idx); // alle 3 Knoten besucht
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_INT(3, valueID); // alle 3 Knoten besucht
 }
 
-// Test clearTree gibt Speicher frei
+// Testet, dass clearTree Speicher freigibt und Root auf NULL setzt
-void test_clearTree(void) {
+void test_clearTree_sets_root_null(void) {
-  unsigned int val = 42;
+  int isDuplicate;
-  int isDup;
+  unsigned int val1 = 10, val2 = 20;
-  root = addToTree(root, &val, sizeof(val), compareUnsignedInt, &isDup);
+
-  clearTree(root);
+  root = addToTree(root, &val1, sizeof(val1), compareUnsignedInt, &isDuplicate);
-  root = NULL; // clearTree löscht nicht die root-Variable selbst
+  root = addToTree(root, &val2, sizeof(val2), compareUnsignedInt, &isDuplicate);
+
+  // Vor dem Clear prüfen, dass Root nicht NULL ist
+  TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(root);
+
+  clearTree(&root);
+
+  // Nach dem Clear muss Root auf NULL gesetzt sein
   TEST_ASSERT_NULL(root);
 }
 
 // Test treeSize zählt korrekt
 void test_treeSize(void) {
-  unsigned int vals[] = {10, 20, 5};
+  unsigned int testInts[] = {10, 20, 5};
-  int isDup;
+  int isDuplicate;
   for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-    root =
+    root = addToTree(root, &testInts[i], sizeof(testInts[i]),
-        addToTree(root, &vals[i], sizeof(vals[i]), compareUnsignedInt, &isDup);
+                     compareUnsignedInt, &isDuplicate);
   }
   TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(3, treeSize(root));
 }
@@ -99,7 +120,7 @@ int main(void) {
   RUN_TEST(test_addToTree_basic);
   RUN_TEST(test_addToTree_duplicate);
   RUN_TEST(test_nextTreeData_in_order);
-  RUN_TEST(test_clearTree);
+  RUN_TEST(test_clearTree_sets_root_null);
   RUN_TEST(test_treeSize);
   return UNITY_END();
 }

test_numbers.c

@@ -7,40 +7,52 @@
 
 #define TEST_ARRAY_LEN 100
 
-void test_createNumbers_length(void) {
+// Speicher für ein Array wird reserviert
-  unsigned int *arr = createNumbers(TEST_ARRAY_LEN);
+void test_createNumbers_length(void) { // erstellt ein Array der Länge hundert
-  TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(arr);
+  unsigned int *testArray = createNumbers(TEST_ARRAY_LEN);
-  free(arr);
+  TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(testArray);
+  free(testArray);
 }
 
+// Duplikat ist genau einmal vorhanden
 void test_createNumbers_single_duplicate(void) {
-  unsigned int *arr = createNumbers(TEST_ARRAY_LEN);
+  unsigned int *testArray = createNumbers(TEST_ARRAY_LEN); // Array erstellen
-  TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(arr);
+  TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(testArray); // Speicher konnte reserviert werden
 
-  unsigned int duplicate = getDuplicate(arr, TEST_ARRAY_LEN);
+  unsigned int duplicate =
-  TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(duplicate > 0);
+      getDuplicate(testArray, TEST_ARRAY_LEN); // Duplikat holen
+  TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(duplicate > 0);             // Duplikat ist größer als 0
+  TEST_ASSERT_TRUE(
+      duplicate <
+      (2 * TEST_ARRAY_LEN)); // Duplikat liegt im vorgegebenen Zahlenbereich
 
-  unsigned int count = 0;
+  unsigned int count = 0; // Anzahl der Duplikate
-  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TEST_ARRAY_LEN; i++) {
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < TEST_ARRAY_LEN;
-    if (arr[i] == duplicate) {
+       i++) { // Einträge des testArrays auf Duplikate prüfen
+    if (testArray[i] == duplicate) {
       count++;
     }
   }
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(2, count);
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(2, count); // Duplikat zwei mal vorhanden
 
-  free(arr);
+  free(testArray); // Speicher freigeben
 }
 
-void test_getDuplicate_manual_array(void) {
+// getDuplicate testen
+void test_getDuplicate_manual_array(
+    void) { // duplikat in fremden array wird gefunden
   unsigned int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 20};
-  unsigned int dup = getDuplicate(numbers, 5);
+  unsigned int duplicate = getDuplicate(numbers, 5);
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(20, dup);
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(20, duplicate);
 }
 
+// getDuplicate erkennt fehlerhaftes Array
 void test_getDuplicate_invalid_input(void) {
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(0, getDuplicate(NULL, 5));
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(
-  unsigned int arr[1] = {42};
+      0, getDuplicate(NULL, 5)); // unsigned int getDuplicate(const unsigned int
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(0, getDuplicate(arr, 1));
+                                 // *numbers, unsigned int len)
+  unsigned int testArray[1] = {2};
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_UINT(0, getDuplicate(testArray, 1));
 }
 
 void setUp(void) {}

test_stack.c

@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ void test_pushDataToStack(void) {
   TEST_ASSERT_NULL(testStack->prev);
 
   // zweiter Push
-  StackNode *oldHead = testStack;
+  StackNode *oldHead = testStack; // bisherigen head speichern
-
   testStack = push(testStack, &testInts[1]);
 
   TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(testStack);
@@ -51,12 +50,15 @@ void test_pushDataToStack(void) {
                         oldHead->data); // data pointer wurden richtig gesetzt
   TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[1], testStack->data);
 
+  // richtige Verkettung: NULL <- testStack -> testStack->next -> oldHead ->
+  // NULL
   TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(oldHead, testStack->next);
   TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(testStack, oldHead->prev);
   TEST_ASSERT_NULL(testStack->prev);
 
   // Speicherfreigabe
-  testStack->next = NULL;
+  testStack->next = NULL; // pointer ungültig machen, damit nicht ausversehen
+                          // später aufgerufen
   oldHead->prev = NULL;
 
   free(oldHead);
@@ -68,19 +70,23 @@ void test_deleteTopElement(void) {
   int testInts[] = {10, 20, 30};
   StackNode *stack = NULL;
 
-  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3;
+       i++) { // Stack mit drei Elementen, oberestes Element mit data 30
     stack = push(stack, &testInts[i]);
   }
 
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[2], stack->data);
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[2], stack->data); // oberstes Element ist 30
 
-  stack = pop(stack);
+  stack = pop(stack); // oberstes Element löschen
   TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[1], stack->data);
+  TEST_ASSERT_NULL(
+      stack->prev); // pointer zum alten head wurde auf NULL gesetzt
 
   stack = pop(stack);
   TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[0], stack->data);
+  TEST_ASSERT_NULL(stack->prev);
 
-  stack = pop(stack);
+  stack = pop(stack); // bei leerem Stack wird NULL zurückgegeben
   TEST_ASSERT_NULL(stack);
 }
 
@@ -93,20 +99,16 @@ void test_returnData(void) {
     stack = push(stack, &testInts[i]);
   }
 
-  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[2], top(stack));
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[2],
+                        top(stack)); // top gibt richtige Adresse zurück
+  stack = pop(stack);                // oberstes Element löschen
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[1], top(stack));
 
-  if (stack->next != NULL) {
+  stack = pop(stack);
-    TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[1], stack->next->data);
+  TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[0], top(stack));
-    if (stack->next->next != NULL) {
-      TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_PTR(&testInts[0], stack->next->next->data);
-    }
-  }
 
-  StackNode *last = stack;
+  stack = pop(stack); // bei leerem Stack wird NULL zurückgegeben
-  while (last->next != NULL) {
+  TEST_ASSERT_NULL(stack);
-    last = last->next;
-  }
-  TEST_ASSERT_NULL(last->next);
 }
 
 void test_clearStack(void) {
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ void test_clearStack(void) {
   for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
     stack = push(stack, &testInts[i]);
   }
+  //printf("testints: %d,%d,%d,%d,%d",testInts[0],testInts[1],testInts[2],testInts[3],testInts[4]);
 
   clearStack(&stack);