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muellerlu
2026-05-29 10:19:13 +02:00
commit fedfd92270
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riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/decoder/decoder.hex
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001080B3
40210133
0031C1B3
00426233
0052F2B3
00631333
0073D3B3
40845433
0094A4B3
00A53533
00B58593
00C64613
00D6E693
00E77713
00F79793
01085813
4118D893
01292913
0139B993
014A0A03
015A9A83
016B2B03
017BCB83
018C5C03
019C8CA3
01AD1D23
01BDADA3
01CE0E63
01CE1E63
01EF4F63
01EF5F63
00216163
00217163
0040026F
00420267
000052B7
00006317
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/decoder/decoder.s
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : Assembly instructions for decoder test
// Project Version : v1.0
// Project : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// Last Modified : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
# Iteration over all implemented instructions to test decoder
# R-instruction # Hex # bin f7 rs2 rs1 f3 rd opcode
add x1 , x1 , x1 # 0x001080B3 # 0b 0000000 00001 00001 000 00001 0110011
sub x2 , x2 , x2 # 0x40210133 # 0b 0100000 00010 00010 000 00010 0110011
xor x3 , x3 , x3 # 0x0031C1B3 # 0b 0000000 00011 00011 100 00011 0110011
or x4 , x4 , x4 # 0x00426233 # 0b 0000000 00100 00100 110 00100 0110011
and x5 , x5 , x5 # 0x0052F2B3 # 0b 0000000 00101 00101 111 00101 0110011
sll x6 , x6 , x6 # 0x00631333 # 0b 0000000 00110 00110 001 00110 0110011
srl x7 , x7 , x7 # 0x0073D3B3 # 0b 0000000 00111 00111 101 00111 0110011
sra x8 , x8 , x8 # 0x40845433 # 0b 0100000 01000 01000 101 01000 0110011
slt x9 , x9 , x9 # 0x0094A4B3 # 0b 0000000 01001 01001 010 01001 0110011
sltu x10, x10, x10 # 0x00A53533 # 0b 0000000 01010 01010 011 01010 0110011
# I-instruction # Hex # bin imm rs1 f3 rd opcode
addi x11, x11, 11 # 0x00B58593 # 0b 000000001011 01011 000 01011 0010011
xori x12, x12, 12 # 0x00C64613 # 0b 000000001100 01100 100 01100 0010011
ori x13, x13, 13 # 0x00D6E693 # 0b 000000001101 01101 110 01101 0010011
andi x14, x14, 14 # 0x00E77713 # 0b 000000001110 01110 111 01110 0010011
slli x15, x15, 15 # 0x00F79793 # 0b 000000001111 01111 001 01111 0010011
srli x16, x16, 16 # 0x01085813 # 0b 000000010000 10000 101 10000 0010011
srai x17, x17, 17 # 0x4118D893 # 0b 010000010001 10001 101 10001 0010011
slti x18, x18, 18 # 0x01292913 # 0b 000000010010 10010 010 10010 0010011
sltiu x19, x19, 19 # 0x0139B993 # 0b 000000010011 10011 011 10011 0010011
lb x20, 20(x20) # 0x014A0A03 # 0b 000000010100 10100 000 10100 0000011
lh x21, 21(x21) # 0x015A9A83 # 0b 000000010101 10101 001 10101 0000011
lw x22, 22(x22) # 0x016B2B03 # 0b 000000010110 10110 010 10110 0000011
lbu x23, 23(x23) # 0x017BCB83 # 0b 000000010111 10111 100 10111 0000011
lhu x24, 24(x24) # 0x018C5C03 # 0b 000000011000 11000 101 11000 0000011
# S-instruction # Hex # bin imm rs2 rs1 f3 imm opcode
sb x25, 25(x25) # 0x019C8CA3 # 0b 0000000 11001 11001 000 11001 0100011
sh x26, 26(x26) # 0x01AD1D23 # 0b 0000000 11010 11010 001 11010 0100011
sw x27, 27(x27) # 0x01BDADA3 # 0b 0000000 11011 11011 010 11011 0100011
# B-instruction # Hex # bin imm rs2 rs1 f3 imm opcode
beq x28, x28, 28 # 0x01CE0E63 # 0b 0000000 11100 11100 000 11100 1100011
bne x28, x28, 28 # 0x01CE1E63 # 0b 0000000 11100 11100 001 11100 1100011
blt x30, x30, 30 # 0x01EF4F63 # 0b 0000000 11110 11110 100 11110 1100011
bge x30, x30, 30 # 0x01EF5F63 # 0b 0000000 11110 11110 101 11110 1100011
bltu x2 , x2 , 2 # 0x00216163 # 0b 0000000 00010 00010 110 00010 1100011
bgeu x2 , x2 , 2 # 0x00217163 # 0b 0000000 00010 00010 111 00010 1100011
# J-instruction # Hex # bin f7 rd opcode
jal x4 , 4 # 0x0040026F # 0b 00000000010000000000 00100 1101111
jalr x4 , x4, 4 # 0x00420267 # 0b 00000000010000100000 00100 1100111
# U-instruction # Hex # bin f7 rd opcode
lui x5 , 5 # 0x000052B7 # 0b 00000000000000000101 00101 0110111
auipc x6 , 6 # 0x00006317 # 0b 00000000000000000110 00110 0010111
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/fibonacci_series/fibonacci.c
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : C Program to calculate the Fibonacci numbers until a given number of terms
// File : v1.0
// Project Version : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// Project : RISCV_IN3DAYS
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 13.Oct.2025, 11:00:00 by Fuad Mammadzada (fuad.mammadzada@fau.de)
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
asm(".global _start, halt; _start: lui sp 2; addi sp sp -4; jal x0 main");
int main() {
int n = 10; // count of Fibonacci numbers to be evaluated
int fib_number[20];
fib_number[0] = 0;
fib_number[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
fib_number[i] = fib_number[i-1] + fib_number[i-2];
}
asm("j halt");
}
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/fibonacci_series/fibonacci.hex
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00002137
FFC10113
0080006F
0000006F
FB010113
00100513
00810593
00012023
00A12223
02810613
FF85A683
00A68533
00A5A023
00458593
FEC598E3
FD1FF06F
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/fibonacci_series/fibonacci.s
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : Assembly instructions for fibonacci program
// Project Version : v1.0
// Project : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 15.Oct.2025 by Fuad Mammadzada
// Last Modified : 21.Oct.2025 by Fuad Mammadzada
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
# Instruction # Hex code # MemAddr(PC) # Corresponding C code & explanation
_start:
lui sp, 2 # 0x00002137 # 0x00000000 # Initialize stack pointer value to size of memory (0x00002000)
addi sp, sp -4 # 0xFFC10113 # 0x00000004 # Subtract stack pointer value by 4 to point to the last memory address (0x00001FFC)
jal x0, main # 0x0080006F # 0x00000008 # Jump to main without saving the return address
halt:
jal x0, halt # 0x0000006F # 0x0000000C # Halt the program (infinite loop)
main: # -------- # fibonacci.c:17: int main() {
addi sp, sp, -80 # 0xFB010113 # 0x00000010 # fibonacci.c:20: int fib_number[20]; (allocate 20*4B from the stack)
addi a0, x0, 1 # 0x00100513 # 0x00000014 # a0 = 0 + 1 (this is later used in fibonacci.c:22)
addi a1, sp, 8 # 0x00810593 # 0x00000018 # calculate and save the address of fib_number[2]
sw x0, 0(sp) # 0x00012023 # 0x0000001C # fibonacci.c:21: fib_number[0] = x0 = 0
sw a0, 4(sp) # 0x00A12223 # 0x00000020 # fibonacci.c:22: fib_number[1] = a0 = 1
addi a2, sp, 40 # 0x02810613 # 0x00000024 # fibonacci.c:24: calculate the last array index for the loop condition (since n=10, n*4B)
.for_loop:
lw a3, -8(a1) # 0xFF85A683 # 0x00000028 # fibonacci.c:25: a3 = fib_number[i-2]
add a0, a3, a0 # 0x00A68533 # 0x0000002C # fibonacci.c:25: a0 = fib_number[i-1] + fib_number[i-2]
sw a0, 0(a1) # 0x00A5A023 # 0x00000030 # fibonacci.c:25: fib_number[i] = a0
addi a1, a1, 4 # 0x00458593 # 0x00000034 # fibonacci.c:24: i++
bne a1, a2, .for_loop # 0xFEC598E3 # 0x00000038 # fibonacci.c:24: loop back if i != n
jal x0, halt # 0xFD1FF06F # 0x0000003C # fibonacci.c:28: asm("j halt");
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/hello_world/helloWorld.c
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : C Program to store the sentence 'hello world!' in a char array in memory
// Project Version : v1.0
// Project : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// Last Modified : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
asm(".global _start, halt; .set DataMem 0x1; _start: lui sp 0x2; addi sp sp -4; jal main;");
// DataMem address usage is set manually in the assembly code after its generation.
void storeChar(char c, char *location)
{
*location = c;
}
int main()
{
static char mem[13];
storeChar('h', &mem[0]);
storeChar('e', &mem[1]);
storeChar('l', &mem[2]);
storeChar('l', &mem[3]);
storeChar('o', &mem[4]);
storeChar(' ', &mem[5]);
storeChar('w', &mem[6]);
storeChar('o', &mem[7]);
storeChar('r', &mem[8]);
storeChar('l', &mem[9]);
storeChar('d', &mem[10]);
storeChar('!', &mem[11]);
storeChar('\0', &mem[12]); // Don't forget the null terminator!
return 0; // End the main function and return 0 on success
}
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/hello_world/helloWorld.hex
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00002137
FFC10113
03C000EF
0000006F
FE010113
00112E23
00812C23
02010413
FEB42423
FEA407A3
FE842783
FEF44703
00E78023
01C12083
01812403
02010113
00008067
FF010113
00112623
00812423
01010413
000015B7
00058593
06800513
00000317
FB0300E7
000015B7
00158593
06500513
00000317
F9C300E7
000015B7
00258593
06C00513
00000317
F88300E7
000015B7
00358593
06C00513
00000317
F74300E7
000015B7
00458593
06F00513
00000317
F60300E7
000015B7
00558593
02000513
00000317
F4C300E7
000015B7
00658593
07700513
00000317
F38300E7
000015B7
00758593
06F00513
00000317
F24300E7
000015B7
00858593
07200513
00000317
F10300E7
000015B7
00958593
06C00513
00000317
EFC300E7
000015B7
00A58593
06400513
00000317
EE8300E7
000015B7
00B58593
02100513
00000317
ED4300E7
000015B7
00C58593
00000513
00000317
EC0300E7
00000793
00078513
00C12083
00812403
01010113
00008067
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/hello_world/helloWorld.s
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : Assembly instructions for hello world program
// Project Version : v1.0
// Project : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// Last Modified : 21.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
# GNU C++17 (crosstool-NG UNKNOWN) version 15.2.0 (riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu)
# compiled by GNU C version 16.0.0 20250802 (experimental), GMP version 6.3.0, MPFR version 4.2.1, MPC version 1.3.1, isl version isl-0.24-GMP
# GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
# options passed: -mabi=ilp32d -misa-spec=20191213 -mtls-dialect=trad -march=rv32ifd_zicsr -g
.set DataMem,0x1 # Start of Data Memory 0x1000 (translates to 0x400 due to 4 bytes adressing system)
_start:
lui sp, 0x2 # Initialize stack pointer value to size of memory (0x00002000)
addi sp, sp -4 # Subtract stack pointer value by 4 to point to the last memory address (0x00001FFC)
jal main # Jump to main and save return address to ra
halt:
j halt # Get stuck here in a loop forever
storeChar:
addi sp,sp,-32 # Reserve some space on the stack
sw ra,28(sp) # Save the return address on the stack
sw s0,24(sp) # Save the caller frame pointer value on the stack
addi s0,sp,32 # Store the callee frame pointer value in s0 (end address of the stack frame)
sw a1,-24(s0) # arg1, location
sb a0,-17(s0) # arg0, c
# helloWorld.c:8: *location = c;
lw a5,-24(s0) # tmp136, location
lbu a4,-17(s0) # tmp137, c
sb a4,0(a5) # tmp137, *location_2(D)
# helloWorld.c:9: }
lw ra,28(sp) # Load the return address from the stack and store it in ra
lw s0,24(sp) # Load the caller frame pointer value from the stack and store it in s0
addi sp,sp,32 # Free the allocated stack space for the function call
jr ra # Return to address stored in ra
main:
addi sp,sp,-16 # Reserve some space on the stack
sw ra,12(sp) # Save the return address on the stack
sw s0,8(sp) # Save the caller frame pointer value on the stack
addi s0,sp,16 # Store the callee frame pointer value in s0 (end address of the stack frame)
# helloWorld.c:15: storeChar('h', &mem[0]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp136, DataMem
addi a1,a1,0 # arg1, tmp136 + 0
li a0,104 # arg0, 'h'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:16: storeChar('e', &mem[1]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp137, DataMem
addi a1,a1,1 # arg1, tmp137 + 1
li a0,101 # arg0, 'e'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:17: storeChar('l', &mem[2]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp138, DataMem
addi a1,a1,2 # arg1, tmp138 + 2
li a0,108 # arg0, 'l'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:18: storeChar('l', &mem[3]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp139, DataMem
addi a1,a1,3 # arg1, tmp139 + 3
li a0,108 # arg0, 'l'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:19: storeChar('o', &mem[4]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp140, DataMem
addi a1,a1,4 # arg1, tmp140 + 4
li a0,111 # arg0, 'o'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:20: storeChar(' ', &mem[5]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp141, DataMem
addi a1,a1,5 # arg1, tmp141 + 5
li a0,32 # arg0, ' '
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:21: storeChar('w', &mem[6]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp142, DataMem
addi a1,a1,6 # arg1, tmp142 + 6
li a0,119 # arg0, 'w'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:22: storeChar('o', &mem[7]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp143, DataMem
addi a1,a1,7 # arg1, tmp143 + 7
li a0,111 # arg0, 'o'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:23: storeChar('r', &mem[8]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp144, DataMem
addi a1,a1,8 # arg1, tmp144 + 8
li a0,114 # arg0, 'r'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:24: storeChar('l', &mem[9]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp145, DataMem
addi a1,a1,9 # arg1, tmp145 + 9
li a0,108 # arg0, 'l'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:25: storeChar('d', &mem[10]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp146, DataMem
addi a1,a1,10 # arg1, tmp146 + 10
li a0,100 # arg0, 'd'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:26: storeChar('!', &mem[11]);
lui a1,DataMem # tmp147, DataMem
addi a1,a1,11 # arg1, tmp147 + 11
li a0,33 # arg0, '!'
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:27: storeChar('\0', &mem[12]); // Don't forget the null terminator!
lui a1,DataMem # tmp148, DataMem
addi a1,a1,12 # arg1, tmp148 + 12
li a0,0 # arg0, '\0
call storeChar #
# helloWorld.c:29: return 0; // End the main function and return 0 on success
li a5,0 # _16,
# helloWorld.c:30: }
mv a0,a5 #, <retval>
lw ra,12(sp) # Load the return address from the stack and store it in ra
lw s0,8(sp) # Load the caller frame pointer value from the stack and store it in s0
addi sp,sp,16 # Free the allocated stack space for the function call
jr ra # Return to address stored in ra
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/hello_world/helloWorld_simplified.s
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : Simplified assembly instructions for hello world program
// Project Version : v1.0
// Project : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// Last Modified : 21.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
# 1 to 1 mapping of the Hex instructions in helloWorld.hex
# Simplified version of helloWorld.s
## Replaced pseudo instructions with the proper rv32i instructions
## Replaced jumps to labels with address offset values
# Use as a cross reference to identify:
## - the instruction being run on your processor
## - which part of the program is being run
## - confirm registers and memory addresses contain the correct data
_start: # Hex # MemAddr(PC)
lui x2 2 # 0x00002137 # 0x00000000
addi x2 x2 -4 # 0xFFC10113 # 0x00000004
jal x1 60 # 0x03C000EF # 0x00000008
halt:
jal x0 0 # 0x0000006F # 0x0000000C
storeChar:
addi x2 x2 -32 # 0xFE010113 # 0x00000010
sw x1 28(x2) # 0x00112E23 # 0x00000014
sw x8 24(x2) # 0x00812C23 # 0x00000018
addi x8 x2 32 # 0x02010413 # 0x0000001C
sw x11 -24(x8) # 0xFEB42423 # 0x00000020
sb x10 -17(x8) # 0xFEA407A3 # 0x00000024
lw x15 -24(x8) # 0xFE842783 # 0x00000028
lbu x14 -17(x8) # 0xFEF44703 # 0x0000002C
sb x14 0(x15) # 0x00E78023 # 0x00000030
lw x1 28(x2) # 0x01C12083 # 0x00000034
lw x8 24(x2) # 0x01812403 # 0x00000038
addi x2 x2 32 # 0x02010113 # 0x0000003C
jalr x0 x1 0 # 0x00008067 # 0x00000040
main:
addi x2 x2 -16 # 0xFF010113 # 0x00000044
sw x1 12(x2) # 0x00112623 # 0x00000048
sw x8 8(x2) # 0x00812423 # 0x0000004C
addi x8 x2 16 # 0x01010413 # 0x00000050
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x00000054
addi x11 x11 0 # 0x00058593 # 0x00000058
addi x10 x0 104 # 0x06800513 # 0x0000005C
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x00000060
jalr x1 x6 -80 # 0xFB0300E7 # 0x00000064
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x00000068
addi x11 x11 1 # 0x00158593 # 0x0000006C
addi x10 x0 101 # 0x06500513 # 0x00000070
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x00000074
jalr x1 x6 -100 # 0xF9C300E7 # 0x00000078
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x0000007C
addi x11 x11 2 # 0x00258593 # 0x00000080
addi x10 x0 108 # 0x06C00513 # 0x00000084
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x00000088
jalr x1 x6 -120 # 0xF88300E7 # 0x0000008C
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x00000090
addi x11 x11 3 # 0x00358593 # 0x00000094
addi x10 x0 108 # 0x06C00513 # 0x00000098
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x0000009C
jalr x1 x6 -140 # 0xF74300E7 # 0x000000A0
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x000000A4
addi x11 x11 4 # 0x00458593 # 0x000000A8
addi x10 x0 111 # 0x06F00513 # 0x000000AC
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x000000B0
jalr x1 x6 -160 # 0xF60300E7 # 0x000000B4
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x000000B8
addi x11 x11 5 # 0x00558593 # 0x000000BC
addi x10 x0 32 # 0x02000513 # 0x000000C0
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x000000C4
jalr x1 x6 -180 # 0xF4C300E7 # 0x000000C8
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x000000CC
addi x11 x11 6 # 0x00658593 # 0x000000D0
addi x10 x0 119 # 0x07700513 # 0x000000D4
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x000000D8
jalr x1 x6 -200 # 0xF38300E7 # 0x000000DC
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x000000E0
addi x11 x11 7 # 0x00758593 # 0x000000E4
addi x10 x0 111 # 0x06F00513 # 0x000000E8
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x000000EC
jalr x1 x6 -220 # 0xF24300E7 # 0x000000F0
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x000000F4
addi x11 x11 8 # 0x00858593 # 0x000000F8
addi x10 x0 114 # 0x07200513 # 0x000000FC
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x00000100
jalr x1 x6 -240 # 0xF10300E7 # 0x00000104
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x00000108
addi x11 x11 9 # 0x00958593 # 0x0000010C
addi x10 x0 108 # 0x06C00513 # 0x00000110
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x00000114
jalr x1 x6 -260 # 0xEFC300E7 # 0x00000118
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x0000011C
addi x11 x11 10 # 0x00A58593 # 0x00000120
addi x10 x0 100 # 0x06400513 # 0x00000124
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x00000128
jalr x1 x6 -280 # 0xEE8300E7 # 0x0000012C
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x00000130
addi x11 x11 11 # 0x00B58593 # 0x00000134
addi x10 x0 33 # 0x02100513 # 0x00000138
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x0000013C
jalr x1 x6 -300 # 0xED4300E7 # 0x00000140
lui x11 1 # 0x000015B7 # 0x00000144
addi x11 x11 12 # 0x00C58593 # 0x00000148
addi x10 x0 0 # 0x00000513 # 0x0000014C
auipc x6 0 # 0x00000317 # 0x00000150
jalr x1 x6 -320 # 0xEC0300E7 # 0x00000154
addi x15 x0 0 # 0x00000793 # 0x00000158
addi x10 x15 0 # 0x00078513 # 0x0000015C
lw x1 12(x2) # 0x00C12083 # 0x00000160
lw x8 8(x2) # 0x00812403 # 0x00000164
addi x2 x2 16 # 0x01010113 # 0x00000168
jalr x0 x1 0 # 0x00008067 # 0x0000016C
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/main_mem/main_mem.hex
+2048
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riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/prime_factors/primeFactors
BIN
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riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/prime_factors/primeFactors.c
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : C Program to find prime factors of a Number
// Project Version : v1.0
// Project : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// Last Modified : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
asm(".global _start, halt; _start: lui sp 0x2; addi sp sp -4; jal main");
int main()
{
int i, iModulo, j, Number, NumberModulo, isPrime, Prime; // Create variables
Number = 39; // Set initial value for Number to be factorized
Prime = 0; // Set initial value for Prime to be printed
for (i = 2; i <= Number; i++) // Iterate over i from 2 to Number, all possible numbers excluding 1 & 0
{
NumberModulo = Number;
while (NumberModulo > 0) // Calculate Number % i using subtraction and store in NumberModulo
{
NumberModulo -= i;
}
if (NumberModulo == 0) // If Number % i == 0, it is possible that it's a prime number
{
isPrime = 1;
for (j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) // Iterate over j from 2 to i/2
{
iModulo = i;
while (iModulo > 0) // Calculate i % j using subtraction and store in iModulo
{
iModulo -= j;
}
if (iModulo == 0) // If i % j == 0, it is not a prime number
{
isPrime = 0;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime == 1) // Print i if i is a prime number
{
Prime = i; // Set variable Prime to the prime number. Used for printing in the TB upon change
}
}
}
return 0; // End the main function and return 0 on success
}
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/prime_factors/primeFactors.hex
+71
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00002137
FFC10113
008000EF
0000006F
FD010113
02112623
02812423
03010413
02700793
00078813
FCF42C23
FC042A23
00200793
FEF42623
0C00006F
FD842783
FEF42023
0140006F
FE042703
FEC42783
40F707B3
FEF42023
FE042783
FEF046E3
FE042783
08079463
00100793
FCF42E23
00200793
FEF42223
0440006F
FEC42783
FEF42423
0140006F
FE842703
FE442783
40F707B3
FEF42423
FE842783
FEF046E3
FE842783
00079663
FC042E23
02C0006F
FE442783
00178793
FEF42223
FEC42783
01F7D713
00F707B3
4017D793
00078713
FE442783
FAF754E3
FDC42703
00100793
00F71663
FEC42883
FD142A23
FEC42783
00178793
FEF42623
FEC42703
FD842783
F2E7DEE3
00000793
00078513
02C12083
02812403
03010113
00008067
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/prime_factors/primeFactors.s
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : Assembly instructions for prime factors program
// Project Version : v1.0
// Project : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// Last Modified : 21.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
# GNU C23 (crosstool-NG UNKNOWN) version 15.2.0 (riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu)
# compiled by GNU C version 16.0.0 20250802 (experimental), GMP version 6.3.0, MPFR version 4.2.1, MPC version 1.3.1, isl version isl-0.24-GMP
# GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
# options passed: -mabi=ilp32d -misa-spec=20191213 -mtls-dialect=trad -march=rv32imafdc_zicsr_zifencei_zmmul_zaamo_zalrsc_zca_zcd_zcf -g
_start:
lui sp, 0x2 # Initialize stack pointer value to size of memory (0x00002000)
addi sp, sp -4 # Subtract stack pointer value by 4 to point to the last memory address (0x00001FFC)
jal main # Jump to main and save return address to ra
halt:
j halt # Get stuck here in a loop forever
main:
addi sp,sp,-48 # Reserve some space on the stack
sw ra,44(sp) # Save the return address on the stack
sw s0,40(sp) # Save the caller frame pointer value on the stack
addi s0,sp,48 # Store the callee frame pointer value in s0 (end address of the stack frame)
# primeFactors.c:6: Number = 39; // Set initial value for Number to be factorized
li a5,39 # tmp137,39 # Change the Number (39) to different values to test the program
mv a6, a5 # ,tmp137 # Used for printing in the TB upon change
sw a5,-40(s0) # tmp137, Number
# primeFactors.c:7: Prime = 0; // Set initial value for Prime to be printed
sw zero,-44(s0) #, Prime
loop_i_init:
# primeFactors.c:8: for (i = 2; i <= Number; i++) // Iterate over i from 2 to Number, all possible numbers excluding 1 & 0
li a5,2 # tmp138,
sw a5,-20(s0) # tmp138, i
# primeFactors.c:8: for (i = 2; i <= Number; i++) // Iterate over i from 2 to Number, all possible numbers excluding 1 & 0
j loop_i_check #
num_mod_set:
# primeFactors.c:10: NumberModulo = Number;
lw a5,-40(s0) # tmp139, Number
sw a5,-32(s0) # tmp139, NumberModulo
# primeFactors.c:11: while (NumberModulo > 0) // Calculate Number % i using subtraction and store in NumberModulo
j num_mod_loop #
num_mod_sub_i:
# primeFactors.c:13: NumberModulo -= i;
lw a4,-32(s0) # tmp141, NumberModulo
lw a5,-20(s0) # tmp142, i
sub a5,a4,a5 # NumberModulo_21, tmp141, tmp142
sw a5,-32(s0) # NumberModulo_21, NumberModulo
num_mod_loop:
# primeFactors.c:11: while (NumberModulo > 0) // Calculate Number % i using subtraction and store in NumberModulo
lw a5,-32(s0) # tmp143, NumberModulo
bgt a5,zero,num_mod_sub_i #, tmp143,,
num_mod_check:
# primeFactors.c:15: if (NumberModulo == 0) // If Number % i == 0, it is possible that it's a prime number
lw a5,-32(s0) # tmp144, NumberModulo
bne a5,zero,loop_i_inc #, tmp144,,
# primeFactors.c:17: isPrime = 1;
li a5,1 # tmp145,
sw a5,-36(s0) # tmp145, isPrime
loop_j_init:
# primeFactors.c:18: for (j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) // Iterate over j from 2 to i/2
li a5,2 # tmp146,
sw a5,-28(s0) # tmp146, j
# primeFactors.c:18: for (j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) // Iterate over j from 2 to i/2
j loop_j_check #
i_mod_set:
# primeFactors.c:20: iModulo = i;
lw a5,-20(s0) # tmp147, i
sw a5,-24(s0) # tmp147, iModulo
# primeFactors.c:21: while (iModulo > 0) // Calculate i % j using subtraction and store in iModulo
j i_mod_loop #
i_mod_sub_j:
# primeFactors.c:23: iModulo -= j;
lw a4,-24(s0) # tmp149, iModulo
lw a5,-28(s0) # tmp150, j
sub a5,a4,a5 # iModulo_18, tmp149, tmp150
sw a5,-24(s0) # iModulo_18, iModulo
i_mod_loop:
# primeFactors.c:21: while (iModulo > 0) // Calculate i % j using subtraction and store in iModulo
lw a5,-24(s0) # tmp151, iModulo
bgt a5,zero,i_mod_sub_j #, tmp151,,
i_mod_check:
# primeFactors.c:25: if (iModulo == 0) // If i % j == 0, it is not a prime number
lw a5,-24(s0) # tmp152, iModulo
bne a5,zero,loop_j_inc #, tmp152,,
# primeFactors.c:27: isPrime = 0;
sw zero,-36(s0) #, isPrime
# primeFactors.c:28: break;
j prime_check #
loop_j_inc:
# primeFactors.c:18: for (j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) // Iterate over j from 2 to i/2
lw a5,-28(s0) # tmp154, j
addi a5,a5,1 #, j_16, tmp154
sw a5,-28(s0) # j_16, j
loop_j_check:
# primeFactors.c:18: for (j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) // Iterate over j from 2 to i/2
lw a5,-20(s0) # tmp155, i
srli a4,a5,31 #, tmp156, tmp155
add a5,a4,a5 # tmp155, tmp157, tmp156
srai a5,a5,1 #, _1, tmp157
mv a4,a5 # _1, _1
# primeFactors.c:18: for (j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) // Iterate over j from 2 to i/2
lw a5,-28(s0) # tmp159, j
ble a5,a4,i_mod_set #, tmp159, _1,
prime_check:
# primeFactors.c:31: if (isPrime == 1) // Print i if i is a prime number
lw a4,-36(s0) # tmp160, isPrime
li a5,1 # tmp161,
bne a4,a5,loop_i_inc #, tmp160, tmp161,
prime_set:
# primeFactors.c:33: Prime = i; // Set variable Prime to the prime number. Used for printing in the TB upon change
lw a7,-20(s0) # tmp162, i
sw a7,-44(s0) # tmp162, Prime
loop_i_inc:
# primeFactors.c:8: for (i = 2; i <= Number; i++) // Iterate over i from 2 to Number, all possible numbers excluding 1 & 0
lw a5,-20(s0) # tmp164, i
addi a5,a5,1 #, i_20, tmp164
sw a5,-20(s0) # i_20, i
loop_i_check:
# primeFactors.c:8: for (i = 2; i <= Number; i++) // Iterate over i from 2 to Number, all possible numbers excluding 1 & 0
lw a4,-20(s0) # tmp165, i
lw a5,-40(s0) # tmp166, Number
ble a4,a5,num_mod_set #, tmp165, tmp166,
return:
# primeFactors.c:37: return 0; // return the main function and return 0 on success
li a5,0 # _10,
# primeFactors.c:38: }
mv a0,a5 #, <retval>
lw ra,44(sp) # Load the return address from the stack and store it in ra
lw s0,40(sp) # Load the caller frame pointer value from the stack and store it in s0
addi sp,sp,48 # Free the allocated stack space for the function call
jr ra # Return to address stored in ra
riscv_rtl/sw/risc-v/prime_factors/primeFactors_simplified.s
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// *********************************************************************************************
// Description : Simplified assembly instructions for prime factors program
// Project Version : v1.0
// Project : [BCDC] Microtec Academy Course: Building a RISC-V CPU with SystemVerilog
// -----
// Copyright (c) : 2025 Fraunhofer IIS, Department IDS
// Created : 15.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// Last Modified : 21.Oct.2025 by Hussein Elzomor
// -----
// HISTORY : Date By Comments
// ----------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
// *********************************************************************************************
# 1 to 1 mapping of the Hex instructions in primeFactors.hex
# Simplified version of primeFactors.s
## Replaced pseudo instructions with the proper rv32i instructions
## Replaced jumps to labels with address offset values
# Use as a cross reference to identify:
## - the instruction being run on your processor
## - which part of the program is being run
## - confirm registers and memory addresses contain the correct data
_start: # Hex # MemAddr(PC)
lui x2 2 # 0x00002137 # 0x00000000
addi x2 x2 -4 # 0xFFC10113 # 0x00000004
jal x1 8 # 0x008000EF # 0x00000008
halt:
jal x0 0 # 0x0000006F # 0x0000000C
main:
addi x2 x2 -48 # 0xFD010113 # 0x00000010
sw x1 44(x2) # 0x02112623 # 0x00000014
sw x8 40(x2) # 0x02812423 # 0x00000018
addi x8 x2 48 # 0x03010413 # 0x0000001C
addi x15 x0 39 # 0x02700793 # 0x00000020 # Change the Number (39) to different values to test the program
addi x16 x15 0 # 0x00078813 # 0x00000024 # Used for printing in the TB upon change
sw x15 -40(x8) # 0xFCF42C23 # 0x00000028
sw x0 -44(x8) # 0xFC042A23 # 0x0000002C
loop_i_init:
addi x15 x0 2 # 0x00200793 # 0x00000030
sw x15 -20(x8) # 0xFEF42623 # 0x00000034
jal x0 192 # 0x0C00006F # 0x00000038
num_mod_set:
lw x15 -40(x8) # 0xFD842783 # 0x0000003C
sw x15 -32(x8) # 0xFEF42023 # 0x00000040
jal x0 20 # 0x0140006F # 0x00000044
num_mod_sub_i:
lw x14 -32(x8) # 0xFE042703 # 0x00000048
lw x15 -20(x8) # 0xFEC42783 # 0x0000004C
sub x15 x14 x15 # 0x40F707B3 # 0x00000050
sw x15 -32(x8) # 0xFEF42023 # 0x00000054
num_mod_loop:
lw x15 -32(x8) # 0xFE042783 # 0x00000058
blt x0 x15 -20 # 0xFEF046E3 # 0x0000005C
num_mod_check:
lw x15 -32(x8) # 0xFE042783 # 0x00000060
bne x15 x0 136 # 0x08079463 # 0x00000064
addi x15 x0 1 # 0x00100793 # 0x00000068
sw x15 -36(x8) # 0xFCF42E23 # 0x0000006C
loop_j_init:
addi x15 x0 2 # 0x00200793 # 0x00000070
sw x15 -28(x8) # 0xFEF42223 # 0x00000074
jal x0 68 # 0x0440006F # 0x00000078
i_mod_set:
lw x15 -20(x8) # 0xFEC42783 # 0x0000007C
sw x15 -24(x8) # 0xFEF42423 # 0x00000080
jal x0 20 # 0x0140006F # 0x00000084
i_mod_sub_j:
lw x14 -24(x8) # 0xFE842703 # 0x00000088
lw x15 -28(x8) # 0xFE442783 # 0x0000008C
sub x15 x14 x15 # 0x40F707B3 # 0x00000090
sw x15 -24(x8) # 0xFEF42423 # 0x00000094
i_mod_loop:
lw x15 -24(x8) # 0xFE842783 # 0x00000098
blt x0 x15 -20 # 0xFEF046E3 # 0x0000009C
i_mod_check:
lw x15 -24(x8) # 0xFE842783 # 0x000000A0
bne x15 x0 12 # 0x00079663 # 0x000000A4
sw x0 -36(x8) # 0xFC042E23 # 0x000000A8
jal x0 44 # 0x02C0006F # 0x000000AC
loop_j_inc:
lw x15 -28(x8) # 0xFE442783 # 0x000000B0
addi x15 x15 1 # 0x00178793 # 0x000000B4
sw x15 -28(x8) # 0xFEF42223 # 0x000000B8
loop_j_check:
lw x15 -20(x8) # 0xFEC42783 # 0x000000BC
srli x14 x15 31 # 0x01F7D713 # 0x000000C0
add x15 x14 x15 # 0x00F707B3 # 0x000000C4
srai x15 x15 1 # 0x4017D793 # 0x000000C8
addi x14 x15 0 # 0x00078713 # 0x000000CC
lw x15 -28(x8) # 0xFE442783 # 0x000000D0
bge x14 x15 -88 # 0xFAF754E3 # 0x000000D4
prime_check:
lw x14 -36(x8) # 0xFDC42703 # 0x000000D8
addi x15 x0 1 # 0x00100793 # 0x000000DC
bne x14 x15 12 # 0x00F71663 # 0x000000E0
prime_set:
lw x17 -20(x8) # 0xFEC42883 # 0x000000E4
sw x17 -44(x8) # 0xFD142A23 # 0x000000E8 # Used for printing in the TB upon change
loop_i_inc:
lw x15 -20(x8) # 0xFEC42783 # 0x000000EC
addi x15 x15 1 # 0x00178793 # 0x000000F0
sw x15 -20(x8) # 0xFEF42623 # 0x000000F4
loop_i_check:
lw x14 -20(x8) # 0xFEC42703 # 0x000000F8
lw x15 -40(x8) # 0xFD842783 # 0x000000FC
bge x15 x14 -196 # 0xF2E7DEE3 # 0x00000100
return:
addi x15 x0 0 # 0x00000793 # 0x00000104
addi x10 x15 0 # 0x00078513 # 0x00000108
lw x1 44(x2) # 0x02C12083 # 0x0000010C
lw x8 40(x2) # 0x02812403 # 0x00000110
addi x2 x2 48 # 0x03010113 # 0x00000114
jalr x0 x1 0 # 0x00008067 # 0x00000118